HNF 461 1st Edition Lecture 9 Outline of Last Lecture I Physical vs Psychological Stress II Cortisol a Control of Cortisol III Effects of Cortisol IV Hormones and Stress V Energy Sources during Exercise VI Overview of Occurring Processes during Exercise Outline of Current Lecture I Units of Energy II Bomb Calorimeter III Release of Energy IV Food Energy a Gross b Digestible c Metabolizable V Energy Balance VI Energy Expenditure a Basal vs Resting Metabolic Rate b Thermic Effect of Food c Physical Activity d Thermoregulation Current Lecture Whole Body Energy Expenditure 1 Units of Energy a Kilocalorie Amount of energy used to raise the temp of 1 kg water by 1 degree Celsius These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute 2 3 4 5 6 b Kilojoule kJ Measures the work done the energy required to push against the force of 1 N for a distance of 1 meter c 1 kcal 4 18 kj d Energy and work can be converted into each other Bomb Calorimeter Measures how much energy is in a certain amount of food by allowing electricity to enter machine and to burn food The burnt food releases energy as heat and the heat woll warm the water Depending on the volume of water and the raise in temperature one can measure the amount of energy harnessed in the food Release of Energy a Single Combustion Releases energy in the form of heat only b Cellular Metabolism releases energy in the form of ATP 40 and heat 60 Food Energy a Gross Energy the total amount of energy harnessed in macronutrients b Digestible Energy Accounts for the loss of energy required for the absorption digestion of food c Metabolizable Energy Actual amount of energy once fully metabolized takes into account the energy lost in urine i Carbohydrate 4 kcal g ii Fat 9 kcal g iii Protein 4 kcal g iv Alcohol 7 kcal g Energy Balance Balance between energy intake Carbs Fat and Protein vs energy expenditure a Intake Expenditure Lose weight b Intake Expenditure Constant weight c Intake Expenditure Gain weight Energy Expenditure a Basal vs Resting Metabolic Rate Energy expenditure for basic life processes i Basal measured when awake lying down shortly after wake up in the morning fasting for 12 14 hrs comfortable room temp Accounts for 50 70 energy expenditure ii Resting Measured when awake at rest 2 4 hr fast 10 higher than BMR because body is more active b Thermic Effect of Food metabolic response to food i Increase in energy expenditure due to body s processing of food Accounts for 5 30 of energy expenditure 1 Wide range because depends on diet and what foods the body is processing ex carbs require less energy than protein c Physical Activity Depends on how active the person is i Accounts for 20 40 of energy expenditure d Thermoregulation Energy spent to maintain the body temperature i Breaking down of adipose tissue ii Shivering iii Release of thyroid hormone
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