Soc 1 Review 2Tuesday, March 10, 2009Winter ‘091Tuesday, March 10, 2009I. Announcements:The Test? 60 Questions. 20 from midterm.Same format as last time. Bring Scantron (same one as before)pencils, eraser. Review for Final Exam2Tuesday, March 10, 2009Review for Final ExamI. Plan for the Review:A. Main Ideas: The Sociological Imagination: (IxI)B. The Self.C. Gender. D. Sex.E. Class.F. Deviance/CrimeG. Race.H. The Sociological Imagination Again: What to do? 3Tuesday, March 10, 2009A. Main Idea:The Sociological Imagination. C. W. Mills. (1959)50 years. Linking together the duality of the individual & the institution as a way of understanding the social world. Personal Troubles & Public IssuesDevelops the Institutional CenteredView & Ties it back to the self.4Tuesday, March 10, 2009A. Main Idea:1. I/I: Individual Centered Explanations. Institutional Centered Explanations. What are they?A. Theories. Theories about why things happen in society.B. Ideologies. Coupled to interests or systems.C. Hypotheses. Links to explanatory accounts.5Tuesday, March 10, 2009A. Main Idea: 2. I/I-Centered Explanations. How related?A. There is a Duality between the individual and the institution. Neither can exist w/o the other. B. But this is different than saying, both are true. C. Because they are dual, their character is different. Prof. Friedlandʼs writings. D. Before you get to duality, you need to understand I/I. 6Tuesday, March 10, 2009B. The Self. 1. The “Natural” Perspective: Facilitates Individual Centered Thinking. • We live in individual bodies• We live in an age that highlights the ʻselfʼ • (e.g., More Natural for us, than for Zunis)2. On the Historical Emergence of the Individual Centered approach?• The ʻselfʼ not always so prominent• When did become so? How did it happen? 7Tuesday, March 10, 2009B. The Self.• not always so prominent...• When did become so? How did it happen? • Marcel Mauss --> • Clan, Rome, • Christianity (pre & post-Calvin),• Age of Enlightenment, • Modern Democratic State. 8Tuesday, March 10, 2009B. The Self. 3. How does the self work? George Herbert Mead. (1863-1931) American Philosopher• The Self, what it is, how it works, key question. • Internal Dialogue between the “I” and the “me”9Tuesday, March 10, 2009B. The Self.• “me” is the socialized aspect of self, what has been learned through interactions, the reflexive part of the self, thinks about “who I am?”, “how am I doing?”• The “I” is the active, doing,creative aspect of the self. • Another key insight —#language is critical to the self. Without language you lose capacity for reflective self assessment. (What animals & infants lack). 10Tuesday, March 10, 2009B. The Self. 3. How does the self work? John Baldwin.• His own (parallel) concepts (fore-person & behind person) •Honors Section Project (John Frank, Caitlin O'Hara, Chrys Propster)11Tuesday, March 10, 2009C. Gender. Compare & Contrast I&I Explanations.1. Individual Centered Explanations: Look to the Bodies of Men & Women. Their essential differences. • Paul Broca, Craniometry (its the head that matters). • E. O. Wilson, its genetic reproduction strategies• Both cases, biology explains Gender differences, including status, behavior. 12Tuesday, March 10, 2009C. Gender.2. Institutional Centered Explanations: Margaret Mead (1901-1978): American AnthropologistLook at how Gender Behaviorvaried across societies. 13Tuesday, March 10, 2009C. Gender.2. Institutional Centered Explanations:Margaret Meadʼs Field Work14Tuesday, March 10, 2009C. Gender.2. Institutional Centered Explanations:• Language as Primary Institution carries within norming expectations about men vs. women (Nancy Henley, M. Hamilton, Barrie Thorne)• Children learn through the institutional construction of “play” to develop properly Gendered Selves (Barrie Thorne & Zella Luria)15Tuesday, March 10, 2009C. Gender.2. Institutional Centered Explanations:• Sarah Fenstermaker • “No Dumb Questions” film on uncle who is becoming a lesbian• Raised Questions about contemporary institutions of sexuality (LGBT), and Gender• No interview. 16Tuesday, March 10, 2009D. Sex: Compare & Contrast I&I Explanations.1. Individual Centered Explanations:• E.O. Wilson• Genetic Strategy explains behavior • Sigmund Freud: • Id (Biological Drives)• Superego (Reflects Societies Institutions)• Ego (Acts, tries to Balance)• More Duality than I-or-I17Tuesday, March 10, 2009D. Sex: Compare & Contrast I&I Explanations.2. Institutional Centered Explanations:• Michel Foucault:• The “Repressive Hypothesis” Victorian Age, sex was banished from view and non-normative sexuality was actively suppressed. • Foucault: Actually all the attention to sex, turned it into the most important thing, but now it was a “secret” this really made it more present, but in a more regulated, more controlling way, more institutional than before. 18Tuesday, March 10, 2009D. Sex: Compare & Contrast I&I Explanations.2. Institutional Centered Explanations:• Michel Foucault:• Conditions for “Truth” — What can be known, what can be said, what counts as knowable, what conditions the possibility of what is knowable.• Truth/Power tightly coupled. Argues that what can be known or said has immense implications for conditions of peopleʼs lives. 19Tuesday, March 10, 2009D. Sex: Compare & Contrast I&I Explanations.2. Institutional Centered Explanations:• Anthony Giddens: • Argues that since then Sexuality has become a key part of the modern project of building and creating a self. • “Plastic Sexuality” — Women like men are freed from biological destiny, sex becomes more of a practice that speaks to other qualities of the self. A resource, a feature, a capacity to be developed and enjoyed. 20Tuesday, March 10, 2009D. Sex: Compare & Contrast I&I Explanations.2. Institutional Centered Explanations:• Roger Friedland: • Survey Research on youth sub-culture and the “hook-up” culture. • Interested in what goes on, and how institutions create action in individuals. • Focus on God, on Love, on how sex is constructed. 21Tuesday, March 10, 2009D. Sex: Compare & Contrast I&I Explanations.2.