Computer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to CalculationComputer Power and Human Reason Computer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculationfrom Judgment to CalculationBy Joseph Weizenbaum By Joseph WeizenbaumTanla BilirLCC6310-Computation as Expressive MediumComputer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculation 2of 14 Content•Who is Weizenbaum?• Meet with ELIZA• Effects on society• The book• What Weizenbaum thinks?• Hear from his own voice• DiscussionTanla BilirLCC6310-Computation as Expressive MediumComputer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculation 3of 14 Joseph Weizenbaum193619411950 1955196319661976 20071923Tanla BilirLCC6310-Computation as Expressive MediumComputer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculation 4of 14 ELIZA• Designed in 1966• Named after Eliza Doolittle, a character in George Bernard Shaw's play • A program that can be incrementally improved by its usersTanla BilirLCC6310-Computation as Expressive MediumComputer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculation 5of 14 ELIZA•A program operating within the time-sharing system at MIT • conversation between man and computer• acts as a Rogeriantherapist•let's try ELIZATanla BilirLCC6310-Computation as Expressive MediumComputer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculation 6of 14 How ELIZA works?• The key words in the input text are analyzed• When certain word is found, the sentence is transformed according to a rule associated with the keyword • if not a content-free remark or, under certain conditions, an earlier transformation is retrieved.• The text so computed or retrieved is then printed out • Responses are generated by reassembly rules associated with selected decomposition rules • The fundamental technical problems with ELIZATanla BilirLCC6310-Computation as Expressive MediumComputer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculation 7of 14 ELIZA's effects on society1. DOCTOR as an automatic form of psychotherapy?a) shortage of therapistsb) time saving solution2. The emotional involvement with the programSecretary exampleTanla BilirLCC6310-Computation as Expressive MediumComputer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculation 8of 14 ELIZA's effects on society – contd.3. A general solution to theproblem of computer understanding of natural language?a) a line dividing human and machine intelligenceb) computers became the extensions of human bodyc) people must develop a sense of understanding regarding how machines workTanla BilirLCC6310-Computation as Expressive MediumComputer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculation 9of 14 Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation•Responses to ELIZA motivated Weisenbaum to write his book “Computer Power and Human Reason: From Judgment to Calculation”• In that book he explains the limits of computers• Computers will always lack human qualities such as compassion and wisdom.Tanla BilirLCC6310-Computation as Expressive MediumComputer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculation 10 of 14 Further debate from Weizenbaum1. Unsolved debate: Computers = humans?2. Science as an addictive drugcomputers have limitscomputers can, should and will do everythingTanla BilirLCC6310-Computation as Expressive MediumComputer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculation 11 of 14 Further debate from Weizenbaum – contd.3. Scientific theories: believe it or not?Tanla BilirLCC6310-Computation as Expressive MediumComputer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculation 12 of 14 Hear from WeizenbaumTanla BilirLCC6310-Computation as Expressive MediumComputer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculation 13 of 14 DiscussionDo you think…– a computer program may take place of the real doctors?– people are creating emotional ties with computers?– whether or not human thought is entirely computable?– one day machines create their own intelligence and take over the world?– should we really know the design principles behind every machine we are using in our daily life? – people became addictive to the technology? – question scientific facts?Tanla BilirLCC6310-Computation as Expressive MediumComputer Power and Human Reason from Judgment to Calculation 14 of 14
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