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1Biology 161 Cell biology, DNA, enzymes, physiologyPlants and animals as ORGANISMSEcology,Diversity, and origins of plant and animals Environment.Biology 162Plant physiology,L1 S1Text book: Biology. 8th ed. Mader (Same as last quarter.)Publisher: McGraw-HillLabs: Start THIS weekLab Manual!!Professional Copy ‘n’ Print,NE 42nd & University Way NEDr. NaishSome things you need to know/doAttendance: lectures, labs, exams is mandatory.Making up missed exams: written reason from physician or coach.Making up missed labs: no make-ups. See your TA.Re-grade procedure: Must be requested within one week after exam.See the Biology 162 web sitehttp://courses.washington.edu/bio162Use the web site, print out notes or copy the print availableL1 S2ExamsExams:Friday Jan 20Friday Feb 3Friday Feb 24Wednesday Mar 15Check your calendar NOW!Don’t sign up for the courseif you can’t take an exam.WE LOVE GRANNIES!Read the “Tips for success in Biol 162”Build mental models Learning how to learn1. Skim the chapter prior to lecture and construct questions 2. Come to class with these questions and take good notes3. THAT night, review notes, read chapter & find materialto fill out your notes. Start building a mental model4. At the end of the week, CONDENSE your notes to aSUMMARY page per topic.5. Using your SUMMARY PAGE, answer the study guidequestions. Meet with study group to review answers.6. Unanswered questions? See instructor after class, inlabs, talk to TA or come to office hours.L1 S3Who I am, what I do, andwhy I am teaching Biology 162Old-growth forestsProductivity and genetic improvement in maizePlant form and function and its effects onproductivity and competitionL1 S4Plants and animals as ORGANISMSA different canopyHistory of evolution of major plant types on landL1 S5Why are there still exisiting relativesof plant types that first evolvedhundreds of millions of years ago?2Plant of the DayZea mays AngiospermMonocotyledonCorn is America's chief crop export, with total bushels exportedexceeding total bushels used domestically for food, seed, and industrialpurposes.Of 10,000 items in a typical grocery store, at least 2,500 use corn insome form during production or processing.Your bacon and egg breakfast, glass of milk at lunch, or hamburger forsupper were all produced with US corn.Corn is used in paint, paper products, cosmetics, tires, fuel, plastics,textiles, explosives, and wallboard – among other things.In the US, corn leads all other crops in value and volume ofproduction – more than double that of any other crop.L1 S6MICHAEL POLLAN: The author of 'Botany of Desire' “We're producing way too much corn. So, we make cornsweeteners. High-fructose corn sweeteners are everywhere.They've completely replaced sugar in sodas and soft drinks.They make sweet things cheaper. We also give it to animals.Corn explains everything about the cattle industry. It explainswhy we have to give [cattle] antibiotics, because corn doesn'tagree with their digestive system. It explains why we have thisE.coli 0157 problem, because the corn acidifies their digestivesystem in such a way that these bacteria can survive.”~40 percent of farm income is represented by subsidies.National Geographic Society. Detail from a Maya mural, San Bartolo in Guatemala.Depicts the birth of the cosmos and the divine right of a king and this portion shows theson of the maize god, patron of kings, with a pair of birds tied to his woven huntingbasket, letting blood and offering a sacrificed turkey before one of five cosmic trees.L1 S7What plants do to theenvironment2. Remove CO21. Maintain O2 and H2O balance3. Soil formationL1 S8 1. Maintain O2 and H2O balanceThrough the processes of photosynthesis and transpirationProfessor Naish, water& ecosystems, heatbalanceOxygen and EvolutionL1 S9Blue-green algae reduced atmospheric CO2 concentration and produced O2.At first this O2 acted chemically to oxidize elements such as iron Then an ozone layer was formed that enabled colonization of landImportant actions of plants in geological timePlants continued to reduced CO2 levels when decomposition becamedecoupled from plant growth, e.g., oil (marine) and coal (terrestrial)formationL1 S10L1 S113Atmospheric O2 and CO2 concentrationsthrough geological timeL1 S12Carboniferous coalformationOrigin ofinsect flightDenser atmosphere, Greater O2 partial pressureWidespread arthropod gigantism70cm wing dragonfly1m long millipedeandGiant spidersPresent Atmospheric LevelMauna LoaUS Somoa South PoleNOAA StationsMeasurement of current changes inatmospheric CO2 concentrationusing IRGAs2. Remove CO2L1 S13 Mauna Loa CO2Trend and annual cycleInternationalGeophysicalYearL1 S14Northern hemisphere effectMarch-May maximumSouth pole out of phaseLarger industrial &urban regionsL1 S15Soil StructureO HORIZONFallen leaves and other materiallittering the surface of mineral soilA HORIZONTopsoil, which contains some percentage ofdecomposed organic materialB HORIZONCompared with the A horizon, larger soilparticles, not much organic material, butgreater accumulation of mineralsC HORIZONNo organic material, partially weatheredfragments and grains of rock from whichsoil forms.Soil Structure and DevelopmentSoil forming agents: Acids fromroots and decaying organic materialSoil has high organic matter thatincreases water holding capacity3. Soil formationL1 S16BEDROCKL1 S17Things you need to knowUNDERSTAND how plants have produced the earth’satmospheric oxygen, changed the atmospheric carbon balance,and caused the development of soils. And be able to write aparagraph of 3 sentences describing each of theseUNDERSTAND how the changes that plants produced that have ledto the colonization of the land and maintenance of vegetationBe able to describe the annual cycle of atmospheric CO2concentration and how this may vary at different parts of the


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