11Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyHind BrainAlso called Reptilian BrainSurrounds the fourth ventricleHas two major divisions with 3 structuresMetencephalonPons and CerebellumMyencephalonMedulla Oblongata (Medulla)2Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyMedulla• Also contains part of the reticular formation.• Regulates breathing, heart rate, digestion, blood pressure, temperature, skeletal muscle tone, and other things.• Is the structure that keeps you alive. You can damage other parts of the brain and live, if you damage the medulla, you usually will die.3Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyPons• Is superior (above) to the medulla.• Is ventral to the cerebellum.• Also contains a portion of the RAS.• Is responsible for wakefulness or the sleep cycle.4Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyCerebellumAlso Called the “Little Brain”• Appears similar to the cortex• Is located behind the Medulla and Pons• Is connected to the Pons by three bundles of axons called the CerebellarPeduncles.•Superior• Middle•Inferior5Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyCerebellum Continued• Has two hemispheres• Is covered by a cerebellar cortex.• Has a set of deep cerebellar nuclei• Receives info rmation from the cerebellar co rtex• Sends information to the cerebellum and to other brain structures.• Receives information from the:• Visual •Auditory•Vestibular•Somatosensory• Motor system. • Works with many other systems involved with movement.6Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyFunction• Helps control muscle tone, body balance.• Also smoothes o ut muscle movement so it is not jerky.• In general, it helps coordinate voluntary muscle movement.• Is extremely important for controlling rapid movement such as startle responses.• Also helps m ainta in bo dy balance.• Has a memory system which helps with motor control.• Think of throwing a baseball or hitt ing a tennis ball.27Psyc 372 – Physiological PsychologyDamage• Results in jerky, exaggerated, motor movements.• Movements are also poorly
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