CHAPTER 12Binaural Hearing: Some TermsLOCALIZATION & LATERALIZATIONSound LocalizationLOCALIZATION CUES:Masking Level Difference (MLD)Masking Level Difference (MLD) (cont’d)CHAPTER 12Sound Localization and Binaural HearingBinaural Hearing: Some Terms•AZIMUTH-angle from straight ahead in horizontal plane.•Minimum Audible Amgle- jnd for azimuth.(smallest at 0 degrees, largest near 90 and 270 deg.)BinauralLOCALIZATION & LATERALIZATIONLOCALIZATION:•ability to determine location of a sound source in the sound field.LATERALIZATION:•perceived position of sound within your head for stimulation under headphones.BinauralSound LocalizationBinauralLOCALIZATION CUES: •INTERAURAL TIME DIFFERENCE works best at low freqs: up to 0.65 ms at 90 deg.•INTERAURAL INTENSITY DIFFERENCE works best at high freqs: where head shadow exists.•PRECEDENCE EFFECT people can tell which ear was stimulated first.BinauralMasking Level Difference (MLD)Masker and Signal in Each EarTest Threshold twice: >once with identical signals in each ear>once with 180 degrees out of phase R to LBinauralMasking Level Difference (MLD) (cont’d)•Signal is easier to detect with the interaural phase difference•Shift in threshold is about 12 to 15 dB at low frequencies.•Reflects processing in the auditory
View Full Document
Unlocking...