1SchizophreniaOther psychotic disorders and causesDelusional disorders are characterized by a persistent belief that is contrary to reality.There are several subtypes recognized by the DSM IV:- _________________________________________________- Grandiose- _________________________________________________- Persecutory- SomaticWhy do people stalk?An _______________________________________ is the irrational belief that the individual is loved by another person, usually of a higher status.Often seen in stalkers, especially those who stalk celebrities.This behavior is also displayed in a jealous delusion, _______________________________________ ________________________________________________2How common is this?Delusional disorder seems to be relatively rare, affecting 24-30 people per 100,000 in the general population.Researchers cannot be sure about the percentages because many of these individuals do not have contact with mental health services.The age of onset is __________________________ yrs. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________True or False?Women are more affected this disorder than men.________________________________________________________This disorder is caused by environmental factors.________________________________________________________This disorder can be influenced other factors?________________________________________________________How Prevalent is Schizophrenia?3Statistics on SchizophreniaSchizophrenia is a chronic and disabling brain disease that effects ______________________________ of the general population- _______________________________________________There is NO cure and even with treatment people with schizophrenia are likely to experience life-long difficulties.People with schizophrenia have a shorter life expectancy _____________________________________________Can children be diagnosed with this disorder?______________________________________________________________________________________________________ This disorder effects men and women equally, but the disorder seems to appear at different times:- _____________________________________________________ - _____________________________________________________Is my brain to blame??Brain damage during early developmental periods may lead to schizophrenia later in life. This damage lays dormant until later in development, when signs of schizophrenia first appear.Research shows that these people with early signs of abnormality tend to do better because the brain has more _____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________4Does it ever go away, for good?Unfortunately, even after people improve after an episode of schizophrenia later experience the symptoms again.Most people with schizophrenia fluctuate between sever and moderate levels of impairment throughout their livesDoes your culture affect your prognosis?___________________________________________________________- In Columbia, Nigeria and India, more people improve significantly or recover than in other countries. Due cultural variations or prevalent biological influencesIn the ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ which suggests that people from devalued ethnic groups may be victims of bias and stereotyping Therefore, the differing rates of schizophrenia may be the result of _________________________________rather than a real cultural distinction It’s all in the family…Genes are responsible for making some individuals vulnerable to the disorder.Family studies which began by Kallmann (1938) discovered a ___________________________- ____________________________________________________________________________________________5Family studiesWhat research has found all forms of schizophrenia within families (catatonic, paranoid, etc…).This suggests that people do not inherit a ___________________________________________________ but rather a general predisposition for schizophrenia that manifests in a particular form of schizophrenia.How many genes?The more genes you share, the more likely you will develop schizophrenia.- You have the greatest chance ________________________ _______________________________________________________- If you are the offspring of two parents with schizophrenia you have a _______% chance of developing the disorderThe Risk of Developing Schizophrenia6Other causesAnother (controversial) theory suggests that there is some relationship between high levels of the neurotransmitter ________________________ __________________________________________________The success of antipsychotic medications, which are Dopamine antagonists, support this theory.When drugs are administered that are known to increase dopamine there is an increase in schizophrenic behavior and vice versa.But wait, there’s more…However, there is evidence that contradicts the dopamine theory. A significant number of people with schizophrenia are not helpedby dopamine antagonists.In fact, many people are helped by the drug Clozapine, which ironically is considered to be a weak dopamine antagonist____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Next Class…We will discuss treatments for