Planning and Analysis Tools of Transportation Demand and InvestmentDevelopment of Formal Transportation Planning ProcessStatewide Planning: Basically same as Metropolitan, except state-wideLPR: Long Range Transportation Plan (20 year forecast period)TIP: Transportation Improvement Plan (3 year period, updated at least every 2 years)Priority list of projects with finance planTMA: Transportation Management Areas (Urbanized areas > 200,000 pop)Concepts of urban form and structure:- Urban Form. The spatial pattern or “arrangement” of individual elements – such as buildings, streets, parks, and other land uses =(collectively called the built environment), as well as the social groups, economic activities and public institutions. These form the elements of a zoning plan.LevelCriteriaDescription & ExamplesConcepts of:Ak,i = ( Ok,j D-bj,iLocation Theory: drawing on agricultural land economics: assume there is one market located at the center of a featureless field. The value of the land (bid rent, the most that one would pay for it), L: 0 = net revenue from crop production - cost of getting crop to market – Bid RentThus Bid Rent and Transportation Costs share the net revenue, so 0 = E ( p – a ) - E f D - L Solving for Bid rent L, L = E ( p – a ) - E f D1. Disaggregate area into Traffic Assignment Zones (TAZ); assign geographic tags to each zone.Orf 467 Transportation Systems Analysis Fall 2008/9 Planning and Analysis Tools of Transportation Demand and Investment Development of Formal Transportation Planning Process 23 USC Para 134: Metropolitan Planning . Findings- ISTEA “It is in the national interest to encourage and promote the development of transportation systems embracing various modes of transportation in a manner which will efficiently maximize mobility of people and goods within and through urbanized areas and minimize transportation-related fuel consumption and air pollution. To accomplish this objective, metropolitan planning organizations, in cooperation with the State, shall develop transportation plans and programs for the development of transportation facilities which will function as an intermodal transportation system for the State, the metropolitan areas and the Nation.” Findings- TEA21 (Changes in italics) “It is in the national interest to encourage and promote the safe and efficient management, operations, and development of surface transportation systems that will serve the mobility needs of people and freight and foster economic growth and development within and through the urbanized area, while minimizing transportation-related fuel consumption and air pollution”. Contents (of plans) TEA-21 “The plans and programs for each metropolitan area shall provide for the development and integrated management and operation of transportation systems and facilities (including pedestrian walkways and bicycle transportation facilities) that will function as an intermodal transportation system for the metropolitan area and as an integral part of an intermodal transportation system for the State and the United States.” Process of (Plan) development (TEA21) “ The process for developing the plans and programs shall provide for consideration of all modes of transportation and shall be continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive to the degree appropriate, based on the complexity of the transportation problems to be addressed’’. (f) Factors to be considered: (1) Preservation of existing transportation facilities (i.e. maintenance) (2) Consistency with energy conservation (3) Relieve and prevent congestion (4) Anticipate the likely effect of transportation policy decisions on land use and development (5) The programming of expenditures on transportation ( i.e. how & when $$$ are spent) (6) The effects of non publicly funded transportation projects (7) Access to major points/places: ports, historic sites, military installations, etc (8) The need for connectivity of roads (9) Needs identified by the transportation management system (i.e. operational efficiency) (10) Preservation of rights of way (11) Methods to enhance efficient movement of freight (12) Use of life-cycle costs in design and engineering of facilities (13) The overall social, economic, energy and environmental effects of transportation decisions. (14) Methods to expand and enhance transit service. (15) Capital investment that would result in increased security for transit systems Page 1 of 6 09/28/08 WWS 527a Fall 2005/6Statewide Planning: Basically same as Metropolitan, except state-wide All of this should lead to a Continuing, Comprehensive, and Coordinated planning process containing: LPR: Long Range Transportation Plan (20 year forecast period) (1) Identify transportation facilities that as an integrated metropolitan transportation system (2) Include a financial plan that demonstrates how the LRP can be implemented using both public and private resources. Include innovative finance techniques such as value capture, tolls, and congestion pricing (value pricing). Aside: ATA Board meeting last year identified as one of the two major lobbying initiatives; fighting tolls on interstates. (3) Assess capital investments and other measures (4) Indicate as appropriate proposed transportation enhancement facilities TIP: Transportation Improvement Plan (3 year period, updated at least every 2 years) Priority list of projects with finance plan TMA: Transportation Management Areas (Urbanized areas > 200,000 pop) Congestion management system: through the use of travel demand reduction and operational management strategies. HOW? Page 2 of 6 09/28/08 Alain L. KornhauserBasic relationship between: land use and transportation demand Begins with an Inventory of (1) Land use (2) Transportation facilities (3) Transportation demand (1) Population (2) Land use (3) Transportation facilities (4) Trip demand Concepts of urban form and structure: • Urban Form. The spatial pattern or “arrangement” of individual elements – such as buildings, streets, parks, and other land uses =(collectively called the built environment), as well as the social groups, economic activities and public institutions. These form the elements of a zoning plan. • Urban Interaction. The collective set of interrelationships, linkages, and flows that integrate and bind the pattern and behavior of individual land uses, groups, and