ASTR 1102 002 2008 Fall Semester Joel E Tohline Alumni Professor Office 247 Nicholson Hall Slides from Lecture21 Chapter 24 Galaxies and Chapter 26 Cosmology Individual Galaxies Location in Space Coordinate angular position on the sky Distance from Earth Motion through Space Motion across the sky proper motion None observable Motion toward away from us radial velocity Extremely revealing discovery made by Slipher Hubble Humason Distance Ladder Hubble used Pop I Cepheid variables to determine distances to nearby galaxies Hubble used Doppler shift measurements to determine radial velocities of nearby galaxies Determining Radial Velocities from Measured Redshifts Textbook Box 24 2 z redshift 0 If z is sufficiently small then v c z If z not small use relativistic formula to obtain v from z Plotting measured velocities versus measured distances Hubble discovered a strong correlation Hubble s Revealing Discovery All galaxies are moving away from us The exception is our nearest neighbor galaxy Andromeda The farther away a galaxy is the faster it is receding from us Correlation described by simple formula v H0d H0 is the slope of the line in the Hubble Law diagram H0 73 km s Mpc Hubble s Revealing Discovery All galaxies are moving away from us The exception is our nearest neighbor galaxy Andromeda The farther away a galaxy is the faster it is receding from us Correlation described by simple formula v H0d H0 is the slope of the line in the Hubble Law diagram H0 73 km s Mpc Determining Distance from z If the Hubble Law continues to be relevant at all distances throughout the universe then we can turn the formula around and use measurements of z to give us distances to remote galaxies d v H0 zc H0 So in order to determine distances to all of the galaxies in some region of the sky all we have to do is measure the Doppler shift redshift of each galaxy The Hubble Constant H0 Let s examine more closely the meaning of the so called Hubble Constant H 0 H0 73 km s Mpc 73 km s 3 085 x 1019 km 2 37 x 10 18 s That is 1 H0 4 23 x 1017 s 13 4 billion yrs The Hubble Constant H0 Let s examine more closely the meaning of the so called Hubble Constant H 0 H0 73 km s Mpc 73 km s 3 085 x 1019 km 2 37 x 10 18 s That is 1 H0 4 23 x 1017 s 13 4 billion yrs The Hubble Constant H0 Let s examine more closely the meaning of the so called Hubble Constant H 0 H0 73 km s Mpc 73 km s 3 085 x 1019 km 2 37 x 10 18 s That is 1 H0 4 23 x 1017 s 13 4 billion yrs Interpretation of Hubble s Law Hubble s Law appears to put us in a special location in the Universe Everything appears to be expanding away from us Einstein s general theory of relativity provides a context for interpreting understanding Hubble s Law that does not put us in a special location
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