1. What is the type of reproduction carried out in the structure illustrated here?a. Sexual reproductionb. Asexual reproductionc. Bisexual reproductiond. Heterosexual reproduction2. What is the structure that is being pointed at?a. Spermatocyteb. Antheridiumc. Zygoted. Archegonium3. What is the structure shown here?a. Gametangiumb. Gametec. Sporangiumd. Archegonium4. What is the ploidy level and stage of the structures illustrated?a. 1: haploid, gametophyte; 2: diploid, sporophyteb. 1: diploid, sporophyte; 2: haploid, gametophytec. 1: Haploid, sporophyte; 2: diploid, gametophyted. 1: Diploid, gametophyte; 2: haploid, sporophyte5. What do the megaspores illustrated in this strobilus become?a. Sporesb. Female sporophytesc. Male sporophytesd. Female gametophytes6. The indicated structures are called:a. Antheridiab. Soric. Archegoniad. Sporangia7. What does this structure contain?a. Male gametesb. Female gametesc. Both male and female gametesd. Neither male nor female gametes8. What are the structures indicated?a. Pollen grainsb. Female gametesc. Microsporocytesd. Microspores9. What is the structure indicated?a. Ovaryb. Ovulec. Pollen grainsd. Female microspore10. What are pollen grains?a. Mature male sporophytesb. Mature male gametophytesc. Immature male gametophytesd. 2N11. In moving to land, plants had to overcome which of the following challenges?a. Less available CO2 in the atmosphere than in the oceansb. Desiccationc. Lack of structural supportd. Both b and c12. Plants undergo alternation of generations in which _________.a. The sporophyte generation alternates with the gametophyte generationb. The vascular generation alternates with the nonvascular generationc. Male plants alternate with female plantsd. Antheridia alternate with archegonia13. ____________ protect(s) pollen grains from environmental damage.a. Sporopolleninb. Ligninc. Cuticlesd. Stomata14. The gametophyte state of the plant life cycle is most conspicuous in _______.a. Fernsb. Mossesc. Horsetailsd. Seed plants15. Which of the following produce eggs and sperm?a. Megaphyllsb. Fern sporophytesc. Moss gametophytesd. Megasporese. Moss sporangia16. Fertilization in moss occurs when sperm swim from a(n) ______ and down the neck of a(n) _______.a. Antheridium; sporangiumb. Antheridium; archegoniumc. Archegonium; antheridiumd. Sporangium; archegonium17. How are gametes produced in plants?a. By mitosis of gametophyte cellsb. By meiosis of gametophyte cellsc. By meiosis of sporophyte cellsd. By mitosis of sporese. By meiosis of spores18. Ferns and mosses are limited mostly to most environments because _________.a. They lack cuticles and stomatab. They lack vascular tissuec. They have swimming spermd. Their seeds do not store water19. The dots on the underside of a fern frond are spore cases; therefore, what is true of the plant to which the frond belongs?a. It is a sporeb. It is a gametec. It is a sporophyted. It is a gametophyte20. Heterosporous plants produce ___________.a. Megaspores that develop into female gametophytes and microspores that develop into male gametophytesb. Megaspores that develop into male gametophytes and microspores that develop into female gametophytesc. Megaspores that bear antheridia and microspores that bear archegoniad. Spores that produce both archegonia and antheridia21. Sori can be found in which of the following?a. Mossesb. Pterophytesc. Lycophytesd. Charophyceans22. Which of the following adaptations is common to all seed plants?a. Reduced gametophytesb. Pollenc. Ovulesd. All of the above23. Which one of the following is true of seed plants, but not true of seedless plants?a. The sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyteb. The sporophyte is large, and the gametophyte is small and independentc. The gametophyte is reduced and dependent on the sporophyted. A film of water is necessary for sperm to come in contact with eggs24. The eggs of seed plants are fertilized within ovules, and the ovules then develop into __________.a. Seedsb. Gametophytesc. Fruitd. Ovaries25. What gymnosperm phylum is characterized by large cones and fern-like leaves?a. Anthophytab. Gnetophytac. Coniferophytad. Cycadophyta26. What is located in the scalelike structures packed densely in pollen cones?a. Sporophyteb. Sporangiac. Megasporocytesd. Developing pollen tubes27. Each pollen grain of a gymnosperm contains a _______.a. Male gametophyteb. Microsporocytec. Megasporocyted. Fertilized ovule28. In ovulate cones megasporocytes undergo _____ and produce _____ megasporesa. Mitosis; diploidb. Meiosis; diploidc. Mitosis; haploidd. Meiosis; haploid29. Which types of angiosperms would most likely be wind-pollinated rather than animal-pollinated?a. Oak and maple treesb. Roses and tiger liliesc. None of the choices are correct. Plants with flowers are not wind-pollinated30. The portion of a flower that receives the pollen is the ________.a. Filamentb. Ovaryc. Stigmad. Style31. A pea pod is formed from ________. A pea inside the pod is formed from ________.a. An ovule; a carpelb. An ovary; an ovulec. An ovary; a pollen graind. Endosperm; an ovary32. The pollen tube releases two sperm cells into the embryo sac. The result of this is the __________.a. Union of the two sperm nuclei; forming a zygoteb. Union of one sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus while the other sperm nucleus unites with two nuclei of another megagametophyte cell, forming a triploid nucleusc. Union of one sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus and the disintegration of the other sperm nuclei.d. Fusion of both sperm nuclei with the egg nucleus and the formation ofa triploid zygote33. The triploid nucleus of the embryo sac develops into the ________.a. Endospermb. Fruitc. Carpeld. Seed34. Which of the following characterizes eudicotsa. Pollen grains with three openings, floral parts in multiples of three, netlike veinsb. Two cotyledons, netlike veins, taproot usually presentc. Scattered vascular bundles, netlike veins, floral parts in multiples of fived. Leaves with parallel veins, taproot usually present, vascular bundles arranged in
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