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NJIT IE 665 - Study Guide

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Name: Muscle physiology Fill up the blanks, select from multiple choice, select true or false, or give short answer as the case may be for the following questions. 1. The three categories of muscles found in human body are smooth, skeletal and ________________ 2. The skeletal muscles are different from the other two types of muscles, because skeletal muscles are ____________. Select one: autorhythmic/ striated/ voluntary/ involuntary 3. "The striations of the skeletal muscle seen under microscope are due to the orderly arrangement of thick and thin protein filaments within the elongated muscle cells" True or False? 4. Connective tissues that surround and bind the muscle fibers from all sides combine at two ends to form ___________, that join the muscle with bones or other muscles. Select one: tendons/ ligaments/ connective tissues 5. Define a motor unit. 6. The smallest contractile unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is ___________. Select one: Sarcollema/ nucleus/ sarcomere/ myobibril 7. During resting state, the cell membrane of a skeletal muscle cell is electrically polarized, outside of cell membrane being more _____________ than inside. This is due to free diffusion of small K+ ions but restricted diffusion of larger Na+ ions across the cell membrane. Select one: positive/ negative 8. A motor nerve impulse releases _____________ , which binds with specific protein molecules on the motor endplate of the cell membrane and opens Na gates causing an influx of Na+ ions. Select all that apply: electrical charge/ neurotransmitter/ acetylcholine/ epinephrine. 9. The influx of Na+ ions causes a local __________ of the membrane near the motor end plate. This ______________ sets up an electrical potential difference with the neighboring polarized regions of the membrane, opening electrically triggered Na gates at the neighboring region and more influx of Na+ ions and progressive ___________ of the membrane. Select one: depolarization/re-polarization/ neutralization 10. The influx of Na+ ions are immediately followed by active transport of the Na+ ions back to the outside of the cell membrane and K+ ions back to the inside of cell membrane causing _____________ of the cell membrane, and cell membrane returns to its resting state. Select one: depolarization/re-polarization/ neutralization11. The spontaneous electrical phenomenon which propagates along the entire length of the muscle fiber and reaches deep inside the muscle fiber through the t-tubules is called __________. Select one: twitch, action potential, contraction. 12. Action potential releases _______ ions from the cistern in the sarcoplasm near the cross bridge sites which initiates the cross bridging between actin and myosin filaments. Select one: K+, Na+, Ca++ 13. The tension force that one muscle fiber can develop depends on the amount of cross-bride between the contractile proteins at the resting state. This gives rise to the fact that at different resting length, the fiber will develop different contractile force. This phenomenon is discussed under length tension characteristics of muscles. True or False? 14. If a muscle cell is stimulated in rapid succession, the force developed by the cell summates. This mechanism of increasing force generation is called_____________. Select one: rate coding/ recruitment. 15. Which phosphate molecule supplies energy for the sliding of protein molecules? Select one: ATP/ ADP/ Creatine Phosphate/ Pyruvic Acid. 16. The end products of anaerobic glycolysis are _______. Select one: ATP & pyruvic acid/ ATP & lactic acid/ATP, H2O & CO2 17. The end products of aerobic glycolysis are _______. Select one: ATP & pyruvic acid/ ATP & lactic acid/ATP, H2O & CO2 18. Dynamic or rhythmic muscle contractions can be continued relatively longer than static muscle contraction because the former type of contraction facilitates blood flow, which washes out metabolites and replenishes energy molecules in the muscle cell. True or False? 19. By weight training muscle mass increases that is due to generation of new of muscle fibers (cells) in the muscle. True or False? 20. In response to the dynamic training, aerobic capacity of muscle cells increases by increasing the number of mitochondria and blood capillary. True or


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NJIT IE 665 - Study Guide

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