Water and Wastewater TreatmentCE421/521 Environmental BiotechnologyTim EllisOctober 12, 2006Wastewater Treatment• Three objectives of wastewater treatment:– reduce o__________________ matter (includes xenobiotic & recalcitrant organics, e.g. pharmaceuticals, hormones, etc.)– remove n_________________ (N&P)– reduce p____________________Categories of pollutants in wastewater• S______________ and insoluble• O_______________ and inorganic• N_______________ and synthetic• T______________ and non-toxic• Volatile and non-volatile• Xenobiotic and b____________• Anthropogenic and n________ occurringDilute nature of pollutants• Large v__________________• C_________________ & remove• S_______________ and liquid streams• Use b__________________ operations to treat bothClassification of biochemical operations• Biochemical transformation– removal of s________________ o______________m_________________• a___________________ treatment for soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) in 50 - 40,000 mg/L range• a_____________________ treatment for high CODs (4000 - 50,000 traditionally)• a____________________ processes for CODs < 50 mg/L (e.g., carbonadsorption, ion exchange) and >50,000 mg/L (e.g., evaporation and incineration)– stabilization of i_______________________ organic matter• b__________________ (sludge) removed by sedimentation• c________________ matter not removed by sedimentation (entrapment in biomass)– conversion of soluble i_______________________ matter• enhanced b______________ p_____________________ removal (EBPR)• n_____________________• d_______________________Biochemical Environment• t_______________ e______________ a___________________ (TEA)– a________________ - oxygen– a__________________ - CO2or organics– a_______________ - nitrate or sulfate• e__________________ of microorganismsBioreactor Configuration• s_____________________ growth – c_____________ s______________ tank reactors (CSTR)– CSTRs in s__________________– p________ f____________• a________________ growth– p________________ tower - trickling filter– rotating d_________ - e.g., rotating biological contactor (RBC)– f______________ bed - e.g., anaerobic fluidized bed reactorSuspended Growth Bioreactors• Activated Sludge– Completely m____________– C______________________– High p____________ o_____________– Contact s______________________– Sequencing b__________ reactor (SBR)– S__________ feed– Extended a_________________• Biological N_______________ Removal– Biological phosphorus removal– S____________________ batch reactors– Separate s________ denitrification– S_________________ sludge systems– Separate stage n________________Suspended Growth Systems• Aerated L__________________• Aerobic D___________________• Anaerobic C_____________________• U_________________ Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactor• Static Granular Bed Reactor• A_________________ Digestion• Temperature Phased Anaerobic DigesterAttached Growth Bioreactors• Fluidized B__________ Reactors– A_________________– A_________________– A_________________• 2. Rotating Biological C_________________• 3. T______________ Filter• 4. A______________ FilterHybrid Systems• Trickling Filter/S___________ Contact Process• Activated Sludge/R__________ Biological Contactor• Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge• Membrane BioreactorsCompletely Mixed A.S.Q, SOX,S,VQ-QW, S, XeQW, XW, SQR, XR, SBoone wastewater treatment plantWastewater treatment plantsWastewater treatment plantsWastewater treatment plantsWastewater treatment plantsWastewater treatment plantsWastewater treatment plantsWastewater treatment plantsAbu Dhabi WWTPAbu Dhabi