PSY 213 Lecture 9 Outline of Previous Lecture I The evolutionary perspective II Genetic foundations of development III The interaction of heredity and environment The nature nurture debate Outline of Current Lecture I The course of prenatal development II Prenatal tests III Infertility and reproductive technology IV Hazards to prenatal development V Prenatal care Current Lecture I II The course of prenatal development a Germinal period Takes place in the first two weeks after conception i Includes Creation of fertilized egg the zygote cell division attachment of the multicellular organism to the uterine wall b Embryonic period Occurs from two to eight weeks after conception i Rate of cell division intensifies ii Support systems for cells form iii Organs form iv Organogenesis Name given to the process of organ formation during the first two months of prenatal development v Baby most susceptible to damages from alcohol tobacco stress etc c Fetal period Extends from two months after conception until birth in typical pregnancies Lasts about seven months i Growth and development continue their dramatic course during this time ii Age of viability earliest age a baby can survive if born premature 24 25 weeks iii Babies get another layer of fat which helps with temp regulation iv Lots of brain development Prenatal tests a Ultrasound sonography These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III IV b Chorionic villus sampling c Amniocentesis d Maternal blood screening e Fetal MRI f Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis NIPD Infertility and reproductive technology a Infertility Inability to conceive a child after 12 months of regular intercourse without contraception b In vitro fertilization IVF Eggs and sperm are combined in a laboratory dish i Fertilized egg is transferred into the woman s uterus ii First successful in 1978 c Teratogen Any agent that can potentially cause a birth defect or negatively alter cognitive and behavioral outcomes i Prescription and nonprescription drugs Take into account dose genetic susceptibility time of exposure other negative influences d Psychoactive drugs i Caffeine ii Alcohol Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders FASD A cluster of abnormalities and problems that appear in the offspring of mothers who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy iii Nicotine iv Cocaine Methamphetamine Marijuana Heroin e Incompatible blood types f Environmental hazards lead pollution g Maternal diseases h Other parental factors Maternal diet and nutrition Maternal age Emotional states and stress Paternal factors Prenatal care a Varies enormously from woman to woman b Usually involves i Defined schedule of visits for medical care which includes screening for manageable conditions treatable diseases that can affect the baby or the mother c Comprehensive educational social and nutritional services