CSD 115 1st EditionLecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. Speech and Language Functions of the Braina. Wernickes Areab. Brocas Areac. Motor Cortex II. Central Nervous System PathwaysIII. SummaryIV. Language and Speecha. Languageb. Speechc. Phonemed. AllophonesV. Letters vs. Soundsa. Graphemesb. Phonemec. International Phonetic AlphabetVI. Classification of Speech Soundsa. Consonantsb. Vowelsc. PhonemesVII. Consonant Characteristicsa. PlaceOutline of Current Lecture I. Consonant Characteristicsa. Placeb. Mannerc. Voicing1. Table of cognate pairsII. VowelsCurrent LectureConsonant Characteristics- Place- where in the tract you are making this soundo Linguapalatal: tongue against the hard palate sh, zh, ch, j, y, ro Linguavelar: back of tongue against soft palate (velum)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. k, g, ng (as in sing, ring, etc)o Glottal: forcing air through the vocal folds Only sounds that you can make like that is H- Manner- how you are making these soundso Stops: completely block off vocal tract, build up air pressure, and blow the vocal folds apart Can’t hold stop sounds k, g; p, b; and t, d each set is considered cognate pairso Fricatives: use the tongue to create constriction and force air through it f, v; sh, zh; th, th; s, z; ho Affricates: begin as a stop sound and end as a fricative ch, jo Glides: gradually change the shape of the vocal tract, moving from one vowel to another to produce a consonant sound w, yo Liquids: making a partial closure that air must travel around Tongue tip on alveolar ridge l, ro Nasals: sound comes from nose Open velopharyngeal port (by lowering velum); oral cavity closed off m, n, ng- Voicing: the sound is voiced if your vocal folds vibrate when saying ito All vowels are voicedo Cognate pairs: pairs of consonants that share the exact same manner of production, but it only differs in voicingUnvoiced VoicedP BT DK GF VTH (think) TH (this)CH JSH ZHS ZVowels- All vowels are voiced- Monophthongs: vowels produced in one
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