Biot-Savart LawInteractive Simulation 9.1: Magnetic Field of a Current ElemExample 9.1: Magnetic Field due to a Finite Straight WireExample 9.2: Magnetic Field due to a Circular Current LoopMagnetic Field of a Moving Point ChargeAnimation 9.1: Magnetic Field of a Moving ChargeAnimation 9.2: Magnetic Field of Several Charges Moving in aInteractive Simulation 9.2: Magnetic Field of a Ring of MoviForce Between Two Parallel WiresAnimation 9.3: Forces Between Current-Carrying Parallel WireAmpere’s LawExample 9.3: Field Inside and Outside a Current-Carrying WiExample 9.4: Magnetic Field Due to an Infinite Current SheeSolenoidExamaple 9.5: ToroidMagnetic Field of a DipoleEarth’s Magnetic Field at MITFigure 9.5.2 Magnetic field of the EarthAnimation 9.4: Bar Magnet in the Earth’s Magnetic FieldMagnetic MaterialsMagnetizationParamagnetismDiamagnetismFerromagnetismSummaryAppendix 1: Magnetic Field off the Symmetry Axis of a CurrenAppendix 2: Helmholtz CoilsAnimation 9.5: Magnetic Field of the Helmholtz CoilsAnimation 9.6: Magnetic Field of Two Coils Carrying OppositeAnimation 9.7: Forces Between Coaxial Current-Carrying WiresAnimation 9.8: Magnet Oscillating Between Two CoilsAnimation 9.9: Magnet Suspended Between Two CoilsProblem-Solving StrategiesBiot-Savart Law:Ampere’s law:Solved ProblemsMagnetic Field of a Straight WireCurrent-Carrying ArcRectangular Current LoopHairpin-Shaped Current-Carrying WireTwo Infinitely Long WiresNon-Uniform Current DensityThin Strip of MetalTwo Semi-Infinite WiresConceptual QuestionsAdditional ProblemsApplication of Ampere's LawMagnetic Field of a Current Distribution from Ampere's LawCylinder with a HoleThe Magnetic Field Through a SolenoidRotating DiskFour Long Conducting WiresMagnetic Force on a Current LoopMagnetic Moment of an Orbital ElectronFerromagnetism and Permanent MagnetsCharge in a Magnetic FieldPermanent MagnetsMagnetic Field of a SolenoidEffect of ParamagnetismChapter 9 Sources of Magnetic Fields 9.1 Biot-Savart Law....................................................................................................... 2 Interactive Simulation 9.1: Magnetic Field of a Current Element.......................... 3 Example 9.1: Magnetic Field due to a Finite Straight Wire ...................................... 3 Example 9.2: Magnetic Field due to a Circular Current Loop .................................. 6 9.1.1 Magnetic Field of a Moving Point Charge ....................................................... 9 Animation 9.1: Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge ............................................. 10 Animation 9.2: Magnetic Field of Several Charges Moving in a Circle................ 11 Interactive Simulation 9.2: Magnetic Field of a Ring of Moving Charges .......... 11 9.2 Force Between Two Parallel Wires ....................................................................... 12 Animation 9.3: Forces Between Current-Carrying Parallel Wires......................... 13 9.3 Ampere’s Law........................................................................................................ 13 Example 9.3: Field Inside and Outside a Current-Carrying Wire............................ 16 Example 9.4: Magnetic Field Due to an Infinite Current Sheet .............................. 17 9.4 Solenoid ................................................................................................................. 19 Examaple 9.5: Toroid............................................................................................... 22 9.5 Magnetic Field of a Dipole.................................................................................... 23 9.5.1 Earth’s Magnetic Field at MIT ....................................................................... 24 Animation 9.4: A Bar Magnet in the Earth’s Magnetic Field ................................ 26 9.6 Magnetic Materials ................................................................................................ 27 9.6.1 Magnetization ................................................................................................. 27 9.6.2 Paramagnetism................................................................................................ 30 9.6.3 Diamagnetism ................................................................................................. 31 9.6.4 Ferromagnetism .............................................................................................. 31 9.7 Summary................................................................................................................ 32 9.8 Appendix 1: Magnetic Field off the Symmetry Axis of a Current Loop............... 34 9.9 Appendix 2: Helmholtz Coils................................................................................ 38 Animation 9.5: Magnetic Field of the Helmholtz Coils......................................... 40 Animation 9.6: Magnetic Field of Two Coils Carrying Opposite Currents........... 42 Animation 9.7: Forces Between Coaxial Current-Carrying Wires......................... 43 0Animation 9.8: Magnet Oscillating Between Two Coils ....................................... 43 Animation 9.9: Magnet Suspended Between Two Coils........................................ 44 9.10 Problem-Solving Strategies ................................................................................. 45 9.10.1 Biot-Savart Law:........................................................................................... 45 9.10.2 Ampere’s law:............................................................................................... 47 9.11 Solved Problems .................................................................................................. 48 9.11.1 Magnetic Field of a Straight Wire ................................................................ 48 9.11.2 Current-Carrying Arc.................................................................................... 50 9.11.3 Rectangular Current Loop............................................................................. 51 9.11.4 Hairpin-Shaped Current-Carrying Wire........................................................ 53 9.11.5 Two Infinitely Long Wires ........................................................................... 54 9.11.6 Non-Uniform Current Density...................................................................... 56 9.11.7 Thin Strip of
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