How Much Phosphate is the Body Being Exposed to During a Lifetime by Showering Lab 5 Quantitative Analysis Phosphates in Water By A Generous Student LBS 171L Section 9 TA Dana October 27 2005 Note Some small formatting changes have been made by Prof Sweeder Comments have been added Abstract The amounts of phosphate the body is being exposed to from water and shampoo during the course of an average 15 minute shower over an average 85 year lifetime were determined to be 370 30 moles and 3387 93 moles respectively Therefore the total amount of phosphate exposure would be 3758 23 moles The molarity of water and shampoo were found to be 1 09 x 10 4 and 1 82 respectively The value of for the heteropoly acid was determined to be 1738 6 through graphing and approximately 1397 through beers law calculations see questions This data is supported through experimentation of the two solutions with ocean optics water and shampoo and calculations relating the concentration amount and time of both solutions within the given restrictions Since all of this phosphate is not actually being absorbed into the body this amount is not harmful to be exposed to during the course of a lifetime Introduction Since ancient roman times soaps have been used as a primary cleaning agent in many homes The ability of soap to dissolve grease or its detergency is greatly reduced by the amount of mineral ions in the water which the object is being washed Especially in hard waters where there is a higher presence of these mineral ions the organic greasesoluble part of the soap molecule is bound up by the minerals This in turn creates a residue or scum on clothing dishes or your skin after being washed To solve this problem phosphate is added into the soaps to remove calcium iron and magnesium ions from the water therefore softening it by tying up the minerals forming a complex soluble phosphate Phosphate is therefore known as a builder in soaps and detergents because it enhances the washing performance These builders help to reduce the amount of detergent or soap needed to clean something Although phosphate is helpful in increasing the cleaning powers in soaps too much exposure can be harmful to the body Procedure From the 0 001M stock solution of phosphate dilutions in 100 mL volumetric flasks were created for concentrations of 1 00 x 10 3M 5 00 x 10 4M 2 50 x 10 4M 1 00 x 10 4M 5 00 x 10 5M 2 50 x 10 5M To make the six different dilutions 5 ml of stock solution was put into each of six 200 mL beakers In the first beaker a 100 solution was made by adding 5 mL of phosphate and no water The second beaker contained a 50 solution which was made by adding 5 mL of phosphate with 5 mL of distilled water The third beaker contained a 25 solution made by mixing 5 mL of phosphate with 15 mL of distilled water In the fourth beaker a 10 solution was made by adding 5 mL of phosphate with 45 mL of distilled water The fifth beaker contained 5 mL of phosphate and 95 mL of distilled water making a 5 solution The sixth and final beaker contained a 2 5 solution made by adding 5 mL of phosphate with 195 mL of distilled water 10 0 mL of each phosphate standard from the six beakers was added to 5 0 mL of ammonium vanadomolybdate reagent in order to measure the absorbance of the known concentration solutions Each cuvette containing the various concentration solutions was inserted into ocean optics and the maximum wavelength and absorption values were recorded This data was used to create a calibration curve to determine the concentrations of the unknown samples of phosphates The first unknown sample of phosphate tested was Garnier Fructis Fortifying Shampoo A 1 10000 concentration of shampoo was created by adding 1 mL of shampoo to 10 L of distilled water The dilution made to the shampoo was done to obtain a correct reading off of the spectrometer Any solution with an absorption reading higher than 1 5 must be diluted to get an accurately measurable value The absorption value from ocean optics for this diluted solution was 0 316 The sample of shower water was left at full concentration and the absorption value of 0 190 was obtained from ocean optics The amount of shampoo used per shower was an estimation The amount of water used during a 15 minute shower was obtained by measuring the amount used during 1 minute and multiplying by 15 Data Table 1 absorption values of varying concentrations for stock solution phosphate 0 001M Wavelength Max nm 400 400 400 400 400 400 Concentration 100 50 25 10 5 2 5 Concentration M 1 00 x 10 3 5 00 x 10 4 2 50 x 10 4 1 00 x 10 4 5 00 x 10 5 2 50 x 10 5 Absorption arbitration units 1 737 0 752 0 545 0 128 0 034 0 025 Table 2 absorbance values and concentrations of water and shampoo Substance Water Wavelength Max nm 400 Concentration M 1 09 x 10 4 Absorption arbitration units 0 190 Shampoo 1 10000 strength Shampoo full strength 400 1 82 x 10 4 0 316 1 82 Table 3 amounts of substances with correlating amounts of phosphate Estimated amount used during the course of an average 15 minute shower Amount used during the course of an average lifetime estimated to be 85 years assuming one shower per day Substance Water Shampoo Amount Used Amount per Lifetime Phosphate Per L Shower mol 109 5 1 19 x 10 2 3397237 5 06 1092 1861 5 Total Amount Phosphate Per Lifetime 3758 23 M Amount Used Per Shower L Amount Phosphate Per Lifetime mol 370 30 3387 93 Calculations From the stock solution of 1 00 x 10 3M phosphate percent concentrations were found for the various concentrations given 1 00 10 3 M 100 100 1 00 10 3 M 5 00 10 4 M 100 50 1 00 10 3 M 2 50 10 4 M 100 25 1 00 10 3 M 1 00 10 4 M 100 10 1 00 10 3 M 5 00 10 5 M 100 5 1 00 10 3 M 2 50 10 5 M 100 2 5 1 00 10 3 M To calculate concentrations of unknown phosphate solution the following formula was used absorption concentration slope The slope of the calibration curve was 1738 6 and the absorptions values were recorded from ocean optics concentration 0 190 1 09 10 4 M 1738 6 M 1 Sample Water concentration 1 82 10 4 M L 0316 1 82 10 4 M 1 1738 6 M Shampoo 1 100000 dilution 1 82 10 3 M 10 Lsolution 1 82M 001Lshampoo Shampoo full strength The amount of water used during the course of a normal shower 15 minutes was determined by measuring the amount used during 1 minute and multiplying by the time 7300 mL 15 …