Chapter 1.1 A Brief History of Video GamesThe First Video GamesSlide 3Games for the MassesSlide 5Slide 6The Console KingsSlide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Home ComputersSlide 14Slide 15The DesignersSlide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20The PhenomenonsSlide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28The StudiosSlide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34GenresSlide 36A GenresSlide 38Slide 39Slide 40Slide 41Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44Slide 45Slide 46Slide 47Slide 48Slide 49Slide 50Slide 51Slide 52Slide 53Slide 54Slide 55Chapter 1.1A Brief History of Video GamesCS 4455 2The First Video GamesWilliam Higginbotham and Tennis for Two–Created in 1958 for the Brookhaven National Laboratory’s annual visitor day–Display was an oscilloscope–Sound effects were a side-effect of the relays that made the game run–No one realized its significancehttp://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/history/higinbotham.aspCS 4455 3The First Video GamesSteve Russell and Spacewar–Created in 1961 at MIT for the DEC PDP-1 computer–Hugely popular within MIT–Required prohibitively expensive equipment–Eventually shipped as a diagnostic program with PDP-1shttp://lcs.www.media.mit.edu/groups/el/projects/spacewar/ QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.CS 4455 4Games for the MassesThe Advent of Home Video Games: Ralph Baer and the Magnavox Odyssey–1966, initial idea for a game machine that would work on home TVs–Created a shooting game and ice hockey game–Sold to Magnavox in 1972http://www.pong-story.com/odyssey.htmCS 4455 5Games for the MassesBreaking Into the Amusement Business: Nolan Bushnell and Atari–Engineering major at the University of Utah–Background in coin-operated amusement devices–Tried to bring Spacewar to arcades as Computer WarCS 4455 6Games for the MassesBringing Games to the Masses–Atari founded by Nolan Bushnell in 1972–Brought Pong to arcades–Sued by Baer and Magnavox–Paid a one-time license fee of $700,000CS 4455 7The Console KingsAtari and the 2600–Atari VCS (1600) released in 1977–Not quite the first cartridge-based home system–Open architecture allowed easy development–First to introduce licensing of a systemImage from http://www.geocities.com/TimesSquare/Lair/9260/CS 4455 8The Console KingsVideo Game Crash of 1983–Factors leading to the crash•Poor economy•Natural market cycle•Video games perceived as fad•Glut of poor 2600 games•Introduction of home computersCS 4455 9The Console KingsNintendo and Shigeru Miyamoto–Released Donkey Kong arcade machine in 1981–Released Nintendo Entertainment System in 1985–During late 80’s Nintendo owned 90% of the market–Latest console is the Nintendo DSCS 4455 10The Console KingsSega–Created in 1952 in Japan to sell amusement games on US army bases–Released the popular Sega Genesis in 1990–Final console was 1999’s Sega Dreamcast–Now dedicated to softwareCS 4455 11The Console KingsSony’s PlayStation–Created out of an aborted attempt to launch a CD-ROM based system with Nintendo–Released PlayStation in 1994–PlayStation 2 released in 2000, maintaining backwards compatibility with hugely popular PS1–Next console release is PSP handheldCS 4455 12The Console KingsMicrosoft and the Xbox–Xbox released in 2001–Based on a PC-like architecture–Initially significant money lost on each console sold–Halo and Halo 2 are its most popular gamesCS 4455 13Home ComputersApple Computer–Founded by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Mike Markkula in 1976–Apple II was released in 1977–Revolutionized the home computer marketCS 4455 14Home ComputersCommodore–Commodore Vic-20 Released in 1981–Low price and shrewd marketing lead to success–Commodore 64, released in 1982, became the best selling computer in historyCS 4455 15Home ComputersIBM–IBM PC introduced in 1981–Moderate pricing helped it gain a foothold in the business world–BIOS licensing model backfired on them, allowing cheap clones to enter the marketCS 4455 16The DesignersMaxis and Will Wright–SimCity released in 1989–Other Sim games followed (SimAnt, SimCopter)–Maxis becomes part of Electronic Arts–Released The Sims in 2000–The Sims has sold more than 6 million copies so farCS 4455 17The DesignersMicroProse and Sid Meier–Founded by Sid Meier and “Wild Bill” Stealey–Concentrated on strategic simulations in early years–Sid Meier’s Pirates! in 1987 was Sid’s first signature game•http://www.addictedtopirates.com/ –Genre-defining Railroad Tycoon and Civilization followedCS 4455 18The DesignersSierra and Ken and Roberta Williams–Created first graphical adventure game, Mystery House in 1980–Great success followed with King’s Quest series, Police Quest series, and Leisure Suit Larry series–Published Half-LifeCS 4455 19The DesignersOrigin Systems and Richard Garriott–Created the Ultima series–In 1997 created Ultima Online, one of the first Massively Multi-Player Online Role-Playing Games–Studios disbanded in 2000 by EACS 4455 20The DesignersOrigin’s Other Blockbuster: Wing Commander–Created by Chris Roberts–One of the more popular starfighter games–Known for epic storylines and full-motion video–Spawned a 1999 movie, directed by RobertsCS 4455 21The PhenomenonsSpace Invaders–Introduced to the US in 1978–First big Japanese success–Introduced the “High Score” list to video gamesCS 4455 22The PhenomenonsPac-Man–American debut in 1981–Attempt to create a completely non-violent game–Generated $100 million in sales during its lifetimeCS 4455 23The PhenomenonsThe Tangled History of Tetris–Created by Russian programmer Alexy Pajitnov in 1985–Became a pop culture sensation–Helped drive the success of Nintendo’s Game BoyCS 4455 24The PhenomenonsCapcom and Resident Evil–Capcom founded in 1979–Created Street Fighter, Mega Man and Resident Evil–Resident Evil has spawned 15 variations and sequels as well as two Hollywood moviesCS 4455 25The PhenomenonsSquare and Final Fantasy–In 1987 released Final Fantasy as a last-ditch effort to stave off bankruptcy–15 games have been released since then, selling more than 40 million copies–Computer-animated Hollywood movie released in 2001CS 4455 26The PhenomenonsCyan and Myst–Created by Rand and Robyn Miller–Released in 1993 on the Apple Macintosh–Helped popularize the CD-ROM driveCS 4455 27The