Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Reminder: First came persistence of vision devices such as the Zoetrope, flip books, etc.Gertie the Dinosaur (l9l4) & Winsor McCay›Line drawings on paper, photographed by a film cameraCel animation›Images hand-drawn on sheet of celluloid›Walt Disney & Ub Iwerks—partners since their teens in Kansas CityCel Animation: Foreground & Background CelsStop motion animation›Physical objects photographed one or two frames at a time, then moved in between, to create illusion of motion›As early as 1898 (Albert E. Smith and J. Stuart Blackton’s The Humpty Dumpty Circus, U.S.)Ray Harryhausen (Jason & the Argonauts (1963), Clash of the Titans (1981), etc.)Aardman Animation (Peter Lord & David Sproxton + Nick Park; Chicken Run (2000); Wallace & Gromit in the Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005))›Use clay animation›Established 1976A typical set:Versus “not full” animation, in which background cels are not animated, typical for TV animated seriesGives illusion of depth to the imageOnly the biggies—Disney, Don Bluth, DreamWorks, Japanese studios)e.g., Beauty and the Beast (1991)Rotoscoping/Reference film (live action film as reference) ›e.g., Ralph Bakshi, Lord of the Rings (l978); Richard Linklater, Waking Life (2001); A Scanner Darkly (2006)LOptical printer used to combine live action w/ animation as early as 1920's ›e.g., Who Framed Roger Rabbit? (1989)Not for kids only!Based on traditional Japanese art formsCel animation at its best. . . ›e.g., Akira (1988); Cowboy Bebop (2001)The “kinder, gentler” anime studio, founded by ›Hayao Miyazaki--Princess Mononoke (1999); Spirited Away (2002); Howl’s Moving Castle (2005)›Isao Takahata (Grave of the Fireflies (1988)My Neighbor Totoro (1988)Kiki’s Delivery Service (1989)Grave of the Fireflies (1988)Computer animation (part of computer generated imagery, or CGI)—Images of things that may never exist in reality›Pixar, DreamWorks ›e.g., TRON (1982); Toy Story (1995); Finding Nemo (2003)›Now the norm for animated featuresWith computer animation, we have a blurring of the line between animation and digital special effects ›The majority of feature films released in the U.S. contain at least some CGI (with live action)›Even Studio Ghibli, which still uses hand-draw cel animation, uses computer applications for highlights and sparkles, etc.Performance capture (using computers to generate CGI characters moving in "real time" as captured from real humans performing while wearing sensors)›e.g., Avatar (2009)›Angelina Jolie is to star in “Beowulf,” the performance capture adaptation to be directed by Robert
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