CHEM 310Figures for Atoms and Orbitals________________________________________________________________________Atomic and OrbitalsBasic Atomic Orbitalsxyzxyzxyzxyzs atomic orbital p atomic orbitalsCovalent Bonding Diagrams- σ(s-s)1s atomicorbital bond (s-s)1s atomicorbitalCovalent Bonding Diagrams- σ(s-p)1CHEM 310Figures for Atoms and Orbitals________________________________________________________________________1s atomicorbital bond (s-p)2p atomicorbitalCovalent Bonding Diagrams- σ(p-p)2p atomicorbital bond (p-p)2p atomicorbitalCovalent Bonding Diagrams- π(p-p)2CHEM 310Figures for Atoms and Orbitals________________________________________________________________________2p atomicorbital bond (p-p)2p atomicorbitalOrbital HybridizationHybrid Orbitalss orbitalp orbitalhybrid orbital(both lobes)Orbital Hybridizationsp3 Hybridization-Methane3CHEM 310Figures for Atoms and Orbitals________________________________________________________________________Top-DownSideArrangement of sp3 orbitalsDepictions of methane-EthaneDepictions of ethanesp2 Hybridization4CHEM 310Figures for Atoms and Orbitals________________________________________________________________________-EtheneTop-DownSideArrangement of sp2 and p orbitalsDepictions of ethenesp Hybridization-EthyneTop-DownSideArrangement of sp and p orbitals5CHEM 310Figures for Atoms and Orbitals________________________________________________________________________PolarityPauling Electronegativities1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 181H2.20He 2Li0.98Be1.57B2.04C2.55N3.04O3.44F3.98Ne 3Na0.93Mg1.31Al1.61Si1.90P2.19S2.58Cl3.16Ar 4K0.82Ca1.00Sc1.36Ti1.54V1.63Cr1.66Mn1.55Fe1.83Co1.88Ni1.91Cu1.90Zn1.65Ga1.81Ge2.01As2.18Se2.55Br2.96Kr3.005Rb0.82Sr0.95Y1.22Zr1.33Nb1.6Mo2.16Tc1.9Ru2.2Rh2.28Pd2.20Ag1.93Cd1.69In1.78Sn1.96Sb2.05Te2.1I2.66Xe2.606Cs0.79Ba0.89* Hf1.3Ta1.5W2.36Re1.9Os2.2Ir2.20Pt2.28Au2.54Hg2.00Tl1.62Pb2.33Bi2.02Po2.0At2.2Rn2.27Fr0.7Ra0.9** 6Electronegativity IncreasesCHEM 310Figures for Atoms and Orbitals________________________________________________________________________Electronegativity
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