LoudspeakersContentsReferencesFurther ReadingDefinition of SoundSound BasicsAcoustic ActuatorsTypes of Acoustic ActuatorsElectrostatic LoudspeakersPlanar Magnetic LoudspeakersElectrostatic and Planar SpeakersDigital Loudspeakers!Dynamic LoudspeakersDynamic Loudspeaker OperationDynamic Loudspeaker ModelSlide 16Effect of EnclosureEnclosure ModelCombined ModelTypical Driver CharacteristicsSlide 21Impedance CharacteristicsDynamic Speaker DisadvantagesActive Noise Control (ANC)Passive vs. Active Noise ControlBenefits of Active Noise ControlTypes of Active Noise ControlActive Noise Control ApplicationsActive Noise Control HeadphonesActive Exhaust MufflersIndustrial Fan Noise ReductionAutomobile Interior NoiseConclusionsLoudspeakersJared BenchECE 5320Spring 2004Image: galaxyaudio.com22/33/33 Loudspeakers Loudspeakers Jared BenchJared BenchSound BasicsTypes of Acoustic ActuatorsLoudspeaker BasicsLoudspeaker ModelLoudspeaker CharacteristicsApplicationsConclusionsContentsSound BasicsSound BasicsAcoustic Acoustic ActuatorsActuatorsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker BasicsBasicsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker Model Model Loudspeaker Loudspeaker CharacteristicsCharacteristicsApplicationsApplicationsConclusionsConclusions33/33/33 Loudspeakers Loudspeakers Jared BenchJared BenchReferenceshttp://www.iee.org/TheIEE/Research/Archives/Exhibitons/Sound/ SoundRecordingandReproduction.cfmhttp://www.signalsystemscorp.com/ancindex.htmhttp://europa.eu.int/comm/research/industrial_technologies/articles/article_503_en.htmlhttp://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/speaker/www.epanorama.net/documents/audio/speaker_impedance.htmlhttp://stereophile.com/features/99/index4.htmlhttp://www.electronixwarehouse.com/education/speakers/ howtheywork.htmhttp://stereos.about.com/od/homestereotechnologies/a/ speaker_tech.htmhttp://users.erols.com/ruckman/ancfaq.htmSound BasicsSound BasicsAcoustic Acoustic ActuatorsActuatorsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker BasicsBasicsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker Model Model Loudspeaker Loudspeaker CharacteristicsCharacteristicsApplicationsApplicationsConclusionsConclusions44/33/33 Loudspeakers Loudspeakers Jared BenchJared BenchFurther ReadingNew Developments:http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/infocentre/export/success/ article_698_en.htmlModeling in a Control System:http://www.egr.msu.edu/~radcliff/LabWebPages/home/papers/AcousActu.pdfSpeakers:http://stereos.about.com/od/homestereotechnologies/a/ speaker_tech.htmhttp://www.howstuffworks.com/speaker.htmhttp://www.epanorama.net/documents/audio/ speaker_impedance.htmlANC:http://users.erols.com/ruckman/ancfaq.htmhttp://www.signalsystemscorp.com/ancindex.htmSound BasicsSound BasicsAcoustic Acoustic ActuatorsActuatorsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker BasicsBasicsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker Model Model Loudspeaker Loudspeaker CharacteristicsCharacteristicsApplicationsApplicationsConclusionsConclusions55/33/33 Loudspeakers Loudspeakers Jared BenchJared BenchDefinition of SoundWhat is Sound?Sound is a mechanical vibration transmitted by an elastic medium.Sound BasicsSound BasicsAcoustic Acoustic ActuatorsActuatorsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker BasicsBasicsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker Model Model Loudspeaker Loudspeaker CharacteristicsCharacteristicsApplicationsApplicationsConclusionsConclusions66/33/33 Loudspeakers Loudspeakers Jared BenchJared BenchSound BasicsSound is generated by vibration of an object or surface. The vibrating surface radiates pressure waves into the adjoining medium.Examples:Speaker coneViolin bodyHuman vocal cordsTurbulent airflowMany others!Sound BasicsSound BasicsAcoustic Acoustic ActuatorsActuatorsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker BasicsBasicsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker Model Model Loudspeaker Loudspeaker CharacteristicsCharacteristicsApplicationsApplicationsConclusionsConclusions77/33/33 Loudspeakers Loudspeakers Jared BenchJared BenchAcoustic ActuatorsAn acoustic actuator converts electrical signals into sound wavesSound BasicsSound BasicsAcoustic Acoustic ActuatorsActuatorsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker BasicsBasicsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker Model Model Loudspeaker Loudspeaker CharacteristicsCharacteristicsApplicationsApplicationsConclusionsConclusionsImage: pathwayoflight.org88/33/33 Loudspeakers Loudspeakers Jared BenchJared BenchTypes of Acoustic ActuatorsAnalog LoudspeakerDynamic LoudspeakerElectrostatic LoudspeakerMagnetic Ribbon (Planar) Loudspeaker Digital Loudspeaker (In Development)Acoustic Piston DevicesPiezoelectric MaterialsSound BasicsSound BasicsAcoustic Acoustic ActuatorsActuatorsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker BasicsBasicsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker Model Model Loudspeaker Loudspeaker CharacteristicsCharacteristicsApplicationsApplicationsConclusionsConclusions99/33/33 Loudspeakers Loudspeakers Jared BenchJared BenchElectrostatic LoudspeakersElectrostatic loudspeakers use the principle that like charges repel and opposites attractA thin plastic membrane is stretched over a rigid frame of some sort. It is then coated with a low mass electrically conductive substance like graphite power or metal flake. Two stiff, flat, electrically conductive structures called the stators are then made. Each stator has the same area as the thin membrane.The stators are connected to a power supply to provide the voltage to charge them. They are mounted on either side of the diaphragm, at a point exactly equidistant between the two stators. Sound BasicsSound BasicsAcoustic Acoustic ActuatorsActuatorsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker BasicsBasicsLoudspeaker Loudspeaker Model Model Loudspeaker Loudspeaker CharacteristicsCharacteristicsApplicationsApplicationsConclusionsConclusions1010/33/33 Loudspeakers Loudspeakers Jared BenchJared BenchPlanar Magnetic LoudspeakersPlanar magnetic speakers are similar to electrostatic loudspeakers.Unlike electrostatic speakers they do not need an external power source to charge metal plates.Operate by passing a current through a metal ribbon. As the current passes along, the ribbon is attracted to or repelled from the magnets surrounding it, generating sound waves.Used for high
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