UNO CSCI 4500 - File Systems and Security

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11Computer Science 4500Operating Systems0RGXOH)LOH6\VWHPVDQG6HFXULW\2In This Module…)LOHV  )LOH 6\VWHPV1DPLQJ$WWULEXWHV$FFHVV 0HWKRGV2SHUDWLRQV'LUHFWRULHV6SDFH $OORFDWLRQ  0DQDJHPHQW5HOLDELOLW\3HUIRUPDQFH3ROLFLHV  0HFKDQLVPV6HFXULW\,QWUXGHU $FWLRQV3ULYDF\ ,VVXHV*HQHULF )ODZV6HFXULW\ $WWDFNV'HVLJQ 3ULQFLSOHV$XWKHQWLFDWLRQ3URWHFWLRQ 'RPDLQV$FFHVV &RQWURO /LVWV'RPDLQV3The Need for Long-Term Storage0RGHUQ FRPSXWHU V\VWHPV PXVW EH DEOH WR VWRUH PXFK PRUH LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDQ FDQ ILW LQ WKH SULPDU\ PHPRU\ 7KLV LQIRUPDWLRQ PXVW EH VWRUHG UHOLDEO\ DQG LQ VXFK D PDQQHU WKDW LW LV SHUVLVWHQW HYHQ DIWHU WKH V\VWHP¶V SRZHU LV F\FOHG :H PXVW EH DEOH WR PRYH LQIRUPDWLRQ IURP RQH FRPSXWHU V\VWHP WR DQRWKHU,QIRUPDWLRQ PXVW EH VHFXUH EXW PXOWLSOH SURFHVVHV PXVW DOVR EH DEOH WR DFFHVV WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ FRQFXUUHQWO\ VXEMHFW WR SULYLOHJHV RI WKH SURFHVVHV DQG DFFHVV ULJKWV WR WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ4The File System Solution0HHWLQJ ORQJWHUP VWRUDJH QHHGV LV XVXDOO\ GRQH E\ VWRULQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ RQ H[WHUQDO PHGLD GLVN WDSH HWF LQ XQLWV FDOOHG ILOHV)LOHV DUH VDLG WR EH SHUVLVWHQW VLQFH WKH\ XVXDOO\ GRQ¶W GLVDSSHDU HYHQ LI SRZHU LV UHPRYHG ZLWKRXW H[SOLFLW XVHU DFWLRQ)LOHV DUH XVXDOO\ VWRUHG LQ VWUXFWXUHV FDOOHG ILOH V\VWHPV $ VLQJOH ILOH V\VWHP PD\ RFFXS\ SDUW RI D GLVN D SDUWLWLRQ DQ HQWLUH GLVN RU PD\ VSDQ VHYHUDO GLVNV )LOH V\VWHPV PD\ EH VWRUHG RQ IL[HG RU UHPRYDEOH GLVNV5File Naming Conventions)RU HDVH RI DFFHVV ILOHV DUH XVXDOO\ JLYHQ V\PEROLF QDPHV1DPLQJ FRQYHQWLRQV YDU\ EHWZHHQ RSHUDWLQJ V\VWHPV )RU H[DPSOH06'26 RQO\ DOORZV WKH ³GRW´ IRUPDW ZLWK FDVH EHLQJ LQVLJQLILFDQW DQG EODQNV DUH QRW DOORZHG0RGHUQ 81,; 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UNO CSCI 4500 - File Systems and Security

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