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HARVARD NEUROBIO 204 - Neurons and Perception

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Neurons and PerceptionMarch 17, 2009John MaunsellMaier, A., WIlke, M., Aura, C., Zhu, C., Ye, F.Q., Leopold, D.A. (2008) Divergence of fMRI and neural signals in V1 during perceptual suppression in the awake monkey. Nature Neuroscience 11:1193-1200.columns3,000,000subcolumns30,000,000neurons300,000,000modules30,000areas30streams3visual cortex110-10,0003-1010-30100-10001010-100Monkey visual cortex!"#$%&'())(***+,"#$%&-./+0%1Purves 2002www.purveslab.netPurves 2002www.purveslab.netPeriphery:neuronal samplingStarlightRelativephotonflux0 435 750 1000infrared visible ultraviolet18,000 total4,000 visibleFlux density (#/s/mm2)690400Frequency (THz)Wavelength (nm)MidgetParasol1.0 mm 3.2 mm 5.6 mm5.8 mm3.1 mm1.0 mmMidget and Parasol Retinal Ganglion CellsWatanabe & Rodieck, 1989Sinusoidal Gratings!"#$%&'()*+,-',.+)/&!%0)1,#'2'3,/45'6778#,*,- /%9:"0,-;<8= <8=8=%..%#/0).)/&,.+)/&>.&.-%*?@%1AB868C6:D"/"0%.%:/"0*1,#1-)"#'.%--*!""#$%$&'(#)*!+!""#$%$&'(#),+-""#$%$&'(#)*-"+"""#$%$&'(#)Periphery:neuronal samplingneuronal sensitivitysubject 1 subject 2 subject 310007.34.5 12.17.34.5 12.17.34.5 12.1photons per flashflashes seen(percent)Detection of weak flashesHecht et al., 19421.00.00.20.40.60.81.00.6 1.6 2.5 4.0 6.3 10 16≥1 impulse≥2 impulses≥3 impulsesquanta per flashfrequencyofresponseResponse of Limulus optic fiber to weak flashesHartline et al., 1947!"#$%&'()'&*)+",'-.%$'()*"/"0/.%&)%1)23.&).&*"&/'/.%&4'((+%)5)6%,'&22%&)789:2;.3")1.$"*+",'-.%$'()*"/"0/.%&<===7==;"$0"&/)%1.&*"&/'/.%&2*"/"0/"*23.&).&*"&/'/.%&)>?@AB=Dynamic random dot motionMotion coherence0.0 0.5 1.0Periphery:correlation with neuronal samplingcorrelation with neuronal sensitivityCentral:selective effects of ablation!"#$%#&'(!&)*!"#$%#&'(!&)*%'+#,+-$./&01&234(3435!&)*6768 678 876 6768 678 876 678 876 8686'/&'"%#'/&'"%#'/&'"%#9&%,"2$:&;,.,&-! <"2#/"-$:&;,.,&-! 9&%,"2$:&;,.,&-!="2>&4$?,%,"2$+.#&/$12,-+#&/+-$-&%,"2$,2$=@A&B%";&$C$D+/EF$8GHH868668;"#,"2$3":&/&23&$(I*868668868;"#,"2$3":&/&23&$(I*3"2#/+%#$(I*Periphery:correlation with neuronal samplingcorrelation with neuronal sensitivityCentral:selective effects of ablationselective effects of microstimulation!"#$"%&'#"()#&"*'+%''(#","##"*'*+#"$&+)%'-)&+)%'.+/%01'-)&+)%'.+/%01'234'%511'234'%511'234'(#","##"*'234'(#","##"*'%)'%"&'6)&+)%'%)'%"&'6)&+)%'783'383'9&+6510&+)%'.+&"':' 9&+6510&+)%'.+&"';'<,,"$&'),'-='6+$#).&+6510&+)%')%'#"()#&"*'*+#"$&+)%'901>60%'"&'018'7??2'5%.&+6510&"*'.&+6510&"*'5%.&+6510&"*'.&+6510&"*'!"#$%"&'()'"#*'+,,-Effects of microstimulation of inferotemporal cortex on reports of seeing a faceAfraz et al. 2006faceresponses100%0%50%0%-80% 80%visual signal0%-80% 50%20%-50%Periphery:correlation with neuronal samplingcorrelation with neuronal sensitivityCentral:selective effects of ablationselective effects of microstimulationcorrelation with neuronal performance!"#!"$!"%!"&!"!'()*+,+-./0/1+23(245-673-5/8-6)95-:-;<)*5/8-;!&!%!$!#!=!!/>565()()73-45()32,/?23@,)73/A5,,/45-673-5-/(7/B529/C,2-D5-E2>,7F/5(/2,"/=GH=!"#!"$!"%!"&!"!'()*+,+-./0/1+23(245-673-5/8-6)95-:-;<)*5/8-;!&!%!$!#!=!!/>565()()73-45()32,/?23@,)73/A5,,/45-673-5-/(7/B529/C,2-D5-E2>,7F/5(/2,"/=GH=Mean 120 10 20Mean 7Spikes Per StimulusOrientationMean 120 10 20Mean 7Spikes Per StimulusOrientationresponse mean (spikes) response variance (spikes2) 100 10 1 0.1 0.01 10 1 0.1 0.01 vary: contrast spatial frequency Variance of cat V1 neuron response Dean 19810.01 0.1 1 10 100 100010001001010.10.01response meanresponsevariance216 MT neuronsRelationship between response variance and meanBritten et al. 19930 10 20 30 40 50 600.00.10.20.30.4response(spikes)probabilityPoisson distributions40201052.51.25mean spikes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p (null > criterion)p (preferred > criterion)motion strengthproportion correct0.51.01001 100.81.63.26.412.8motion strengthresponse (spikes)401000 5000.81.63.26.412.8Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) AnalysisBritten et al. 1993!"##$%&"'()'*+,$-./)"#.0+.'(+%)'*0$+1')2+&$#3"#4.'5$+6789:#)22$'+$2+.0;+6<==>9<??@A??B14,$#"3'$1#"'%<?;< <?C$#3"#4.'5$+#.2)"6'$1#"'D,$-./)"#9<;??;E?;A<@ <?@C#"&"#2)"'5"##$527"2)"'+5"-$#$'5$'$1#"'4"'F$G!"##$%&"'()'*+,$-./)"#.0+.'(+%)'*0$+1')2+&$#3"#4.'5$+6789:#)22$'+$2+.0;+6<==>9<??@'14,$#"3'$1#"'%<;??;A?;B<@ <?@&#"&"#2)"'5"##$524"2)"'+5"-$#$'5$'$1#"'4"'C$D'14,$#"3'$1#"'%2-#$%-"0(+#.2)"+6'$1#"'E,$-./)"#9%0"&$+#.2)"+6'$1#"'E,$-./)"#9<?;< <?<?;< <?B??A??04response duration (s)04response duration (s)0.00.30.00.3thresholdtemperaturechange(deg)n=1464ρ=1.00.50.0ρ=0.0 n=50effect of number of neurons effect of correlationTemperature change threshold for monkey thermoreceptorsJohnston et al., 1973Periphery:correlation with neuronal samplingcorrelation with neuronal sensitivityCentral:selective effects of ablationselective effects of microstimulationcorrelation with neuronal performancetrial-by-trial correlation with choice! "! ! "! ! "!#$%&'(%$)%&*+$%,%-&#'&'#.*'('/.#*01%!2!!2"3!2"425678'9$#$(8$ 3425678'9$#$(8$!678'9$#$(8$&#$/$##$:7:$8*%*'(%(;117:$8*%*'(%<'##$10.*'(7=$.>$$(7?@7($;#'(708.*A*.B70(:7=$90A*'#01789'*8$C#*..$(7$.70127DEE4!"#$%&'()#*+*$,$-.'/$-"'0-$12,20'#33'-"&')&%&(-$4&'3$&,56)$--&7'&-'+,8'9::;%"#$%&'()#*+*$,$-.()#(#)-$#7#37&2)#70#7')&%&(-$4&'3$&,5#33')&%&(-$4&'3$&,5<8==9<8> <8?<8=<8@?@()#(#)-$#7#37&2)#70<8>


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