Midterm 2011 Tour Name__________________________ ID number_______________ Page 1 of 9 Put your name on every sheet to earn 1 point! Version A PAGE 2 [Questions 1, 2] _____________ (12 pts) ________ PAGE 3 [Questions 3, 4] ______________ (8 pts) _______ PAGE 4 [Questions 5, 6, 7a-c] ______________ (12 pts) ______ PAGE 5 [Questions 7d-g, 8] ______________ (14 pts) ________ PAGE 6 [Questions 9, 10, 11] ______________ (9 pts) _______ PAGE 7 [Question 12] ______________ (5 pts) ______ PAGE 8 [Question 13] ______________ (4 pts) ______ NAME and ID # on every page? ______________ (1pt ) TOTAL out of 65 --------------------Midterm 2011 Tour Name__________________________ ID number_______________ Page 2 of 9 Question 1. Hydrogen Bonds and Biology (4 pts) The structure shown is eugenol, a spicy smelling compound that is used in many products to give the smell of cloves. A. How many atoms that can serve as hydrogen acceptors in a hydrogen bond are present in eugenol? Circle each of the hydrogen acceptors. ____2_____atoms In Lecture 2 we discussed hydrogen bonds. Oxygen and Nitrogen atoms are the frequent acceptors of hydrogen in hydrogen bonds, because of their high electronegativity. B. List one functional group commonly found in the side chains of some hydrophobic amino acids that is also evident in Eugenol _____________CH3 or methyl___________________ Question 2. Fill in the blanks in the following table (8 points) Monomers or Components Polymer or Larger Molecule Type of Linkage between the monomers/components Name one function of this class of molecules DNA nuclotides nucleic acid phosphodiester bonds storage of hereditary information, or code for translation of proteins Fats Glycerol (0.5 pt), fatty lipid esther linkage/bond storage of energy, membraneMidterm 2011 Tour Name__________________________ ID number_______________ Page 3 of 9 acids (0.5 pt) formation, hormones Question 3. Name the four major components of an amino acid as labeled 1-4 in the figure below. (4 points) Question 4. A. In the nucleotide below, circle and clearly label the 5’ and the 3’ ends of the molecule (2 pts) 1. Group 1 is ______amino group___________________ 2. Group Atom 2 is ______alpha-carbon____________________ 3. Group 3 is ____carboxyl group______________________ 4. Group 4 is _____R-group____________________ 5’ end, a phosphate group connected to the 5’ atom of the ribose 3’ end (Hydroxyl group connected to the 3’C atom of the ribose)Midterm 2011 Tour Name__________________________ ID number_______________ Page 4 of 9 B. Is this a ribonucleotide or a deoxyribonucleotide (circle one)? Circle the atom/s that allowed you to conclude this (2 points) Ribonucleotide (1 pt), because there is a hydroxyl group attached to its 2’ Carbon (1 pt) Question 5. Proteins fold into defined shapes to be functional. There are four levels of protein structure. Describe primary protein structure. Do all proteins have this level of structure? (3 pts): Primary structure refers to the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain (2 pts). All proteins have this level of structure (1 pt) Describe quaternary protein structure. Do all proteins have this level of structure? (3 pts) Quaternary structure refers to association of two or more polypeptides to form a functional protein (2 pts). Not all proteins have 40 structure (1 pt) Question 6. One liter of a solution with a pH of 8 has __B___ hydrogen ions (H+) than one liter of a solution with a pH of 6? (2 pts) A) 2 times less B) 100 times less C) 2 times more D) 100 times more E) 200 times less Question 7 Fill in the blanks: a) ______Microfilaments (or actin filaments)_____________ are a type of cytoskeleton that facilitate muscle contractions.Midterm 2011 Tour Name__________________________ ID number_______________ Page 5 of 9 b) An animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution will____swell ____________ (shrivel/swell/remain the same. c) The bond that connects amino acids in a polypeptide is called ________peptide_________________________ bond. d) _____Carrier proteins or transporters____________bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane. e) ______Exocytosis______________ is a process in which vesicles containing secreted molecules (neurotransmitters, for example) are released outside the cell f) mRNA is made in____the nucleus______________________. g) Plants use a vacuole to (name one function) ___storage, ion depository, waste compartment, pigment localization, storage of poisonous substances=defence, water storage_________________ Question 8 Describe the function of the Golgi apparatus by answering the following questions: A. Describe the general structure of the Golgi apparatus: what is it made of, what does it look like (you can draw a schematic picture of it). (3 pts) Made of membranes (need to mention membranes to get 1 pt) Consists of membranous sacks (or cisternae – don’t need to mention cisternae to get full pts, but need to mention sacks) or a picture of sacks (2 pts) B. What do the terms cis-Golgi and trans-Golgi refer to? (3 pts) Cis = vesicles enter, closer to ER Trans = vesicles leave, closer to plasma membrane C. Name two functions of the Golgi apparatus. (2 pts) Any two of the following: Sorting and shipping proteins “Shipping and receiving” of vesicles from the ER Modification of glycoproteins Modification of phospholipids Manufacture of polysaccharidesMidterm 2011 Tour Name__________________________ ID number_______________ Page 6 of 9 Production of vesicles that deliver macromolecules to their destination Manufacture of lysosomes D. The Golgi apparatus is part of the Endomembrane system of the cell. Name four other organelles that are part of the Endomembrane system. (2 pts) Any four of these: ER, Nucleus, plasma membrane, lysosomes, vacuole Question 9. Which diagram shows the correct distribution for ribosomes (small black circles) that are in the process of synthesizing aquaporin proteins? (3 pts) a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E Aquaporin proteins are channels that are embedded into the plasma membranes (they allow water molecules to pass in and out of the cell). All membrane-embedded proteins are made in the ribosomes that are located in the Rough ER, which are depicted in (E). Question 10. The energy required by a human cell to grow and reproduce is