HN 132 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of N/AOutline of Current Lecture I. Discuss the factors that influence food choice.II. Define Nutrition.III. Understand the important roles of vitamins, minerals, and water that play into your diet.IV. Best way to meet your needs.V. Identify sources of accurate nutrition information. Discuss the current nutritional state of theAmerican diet.VI. Identify sources of accurate nutrition information. Discuss the current nutritional state of theAmerican diet.VII. Understand the scientific method that is involved in nutrient research.Current LectureI. What drives our food choices?A. We need to eat and drink to obtain.1. Nutrients: chemical compounds in food to provide fuel for energy (measured in Kilocalories), growth, maintenance and to regulate body processes.a. Six Classes: Carbohydrates, fats, protein, vitamins, minerals, and water. 2. Photochemical: Nonnutrient compounds that contribute to health and may play a role in fighting chronic diseases. B. We choose foods for many other reasons beyond the basic need to obtain nutrients:1. Taste and Culture2. Social reasons and trends3. Cost, time, and convenience4. Habits and emotions II. Nutrition:A. A science that studies how nutrients and compounds in foods nourish and affect body functions and health. B. Chronic deficiencies, excesses, and imbalances of nutrients can affect health, both short-term and long-termC. Good nutrition plays a role in reducing the risk of many chronic diseases and conditions, including: heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, osteoporosis, high blood pressure, and obesity. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.III. How nutrition affects you;A. The 6 classes of nutrients are all essential in the diet.1. Alcohol provides calories but is not an essential nutrientB. Macronutrients: energy-yielding nutrients needed in higher amounts1. Carbohydrates, lipids (fats), and proteins C. Micronutrients: needed in smaller amounts1. Vitamins and mineralsD. Copious amounts of water needed daily E. Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins:1. Provide energy 2. One kilocalorie – the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram or water 1 degrees Celsiusa. Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4kcal/g b. Fats provide 9 kcal/g3. Are organic compounds (contain carbon atoms)4. Also contain hydrogen and oxygen atoms5. Proteins also contain nitrogen atoms (unlike carbohydrates and fats)6. Carbohydrates supply glucose, a major energy source7. Fats are another major fuel source and also:a. Cushion organsb. Insulate body to maintain body temperature8. Proteins can provide energy but better suited for:a. Growth and maintenance of muscles, tissue, and organsb. Making hormones, enzymes, and a healthy immune systemc. Transporting other nutrients9. Vitamins and minerals are essential for metabolisma. Many assist enzymes in speeding up chemical reactions in the body1. Example: B Vitamins are coenzymes in carbohydrate and fat metabolism b. Vitamins are organic compoundsc. Minerals are inorganic substances1. Key roles in body processes and structures10. Water is vital for many processes in your bodya. Part of fluid medium inside and outside of cells b. Helps chemical reactions, such as those involved in energy production c. Key role in transporting nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing waste productsd. Lubricant for joints, eyes, and mouth, and intestinal tracte. Protective cushion for organs IV. Best way to meet your needs A. The best way to meet your nutrient needs is with a well-balanced diet1. Composed of a variety of foods, providing:a. Essential nutrients from all six classesb. Fiber and phytochemicals1. Whole grains, fruits, and vegetables are rich sources V. Accurate nutrition information:A. Improving Americans diets in one goal of Healthy People 20201. Disease prevention and health promotion objectives for Americans to meet in the second decade of twenty-first century 2. Focuses on several overarching goals:a. Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.b. Achieve healthy equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups c. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for alld. Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across every stage of life.B. Newspaper headlines and television news items report results of a single, recent research studyC. Advice from authoritative health and nutrition organizations is based on:1. Consensus: the opinion of group of experts based on collection of informationD. Before making dietary and lifestyle changes based on media reports, read with a critical eye and ask:1. Was the research finding published in a peer-reviewed journal?2. Was the study done using humans or animals?3. Do the study participants resemble me?4. Is this the first time I’ve heard about this.E. Wait until research findings are confirmed and consensus reached by reputable health organizations before making changes.VI.A. Average American diet is high in:1. Sodium2. Saturated fat3. CaloriesB. Average American diet is low in:1. Vitamin E2. Fiber3. Calcium VII. Scientific Method of nutrition :A. Hypothesis is supportedB. PublishedC. Develop TheoryD. Establish