A+ Guide to Software, 4eVersions and Features of Windows XP and 2000Versions and Features of Windows XP and 2000 (continued)Windows 2000/XP Architecture and Operating ModesWindows 2000/XP Architecture and Operating Modes (continued)Networking FeaturesSlide 7Slide 8Networking Features (continued)Slide 10How Windows 2000/XP Manages Hard DrivesHow Windows 2000/XP Manages Hard Drives (continued)Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17When to Use Windows 2000 and Windows XPPlan the Windows 2000/XP InstallationSlide 20Upgrade, Clean Install, Or Dual Boot?Hard Drive Partitions and File SystemsWill the PC Join a Workgroup or Domain?How Will the Installation Process Work?Steps to Install Windows XPWindows XP Clean Install When an OS is Not Already InstalledWindows XP When an OS is Already InstalledUpgrade to Windows XPDual Boot Using Windows XPAfter the Windows XP InstallationProduct ActivationUpdate WindowsSteps to Install Windows 2000Clean InstallationClean Install When the Hard Drive has an Operating System InstalledUpgrade InstallationA+ Guide to Software, 4eChapter 2Installing Windows 2000/XPA+ Guide to Software, 4e 2/36Versions and Features of Windows XP and 2000•Windows XP (Home Edition and Professional)–New user interface with new look and feel–Ability to simultaneously log on two or more users–Windows Media Player and Windows Messenger–Windows Security Center (with Service Pack 2)–User-friendly CD burning process–Remote Assistance and expanded Help •Windows XP Professional offers additional features–Example: support for new higher-performance CPUsA+ Guide to Software, 4e 3/36Versions and Features of Windows XP and 2000 (continued)•Two systems built on Windows XP Professional–Windows XP Media Center Edition–Windows XP Tablet PC Edition•Windows XP Professional x64 Edition–Used with 64-bit processors such as Intel Itanium•Windows 2000 includes four operating systems:–Windows 2000 Professional–Windows 2000 Server –Windows 2000 Advanced Server –Windows 2000 Datacenter ServerA+ Guide to Software, 4e 4/36Windows 2000/XP Architecture and Operating Modes•Two operating modes used: kernel and user•User mode–Several subsystems that interact with users/programs–All applications relate to the OS via Win32 subsystem•Each DOS application runs on its own NTVDM•16-bit Windows 3.x apps run in a WOW environment•32-bit applications interact directly with OS (protected)–Process: running program or group of programs–Thread: single task that process requests from kernel –A process can spawn multiple threadsA+ Guide to Software, 4e 5/36Windows 2000/XP Architecture and Operating Modes (continued)•Kernel mode–Comprises HAL and Executive services–HAL (hardware abstraction layer) interacts with CPU–Executive services manage hardware resources–Applications in user mode cannot access hardware•Benefits of dividing OS into user and kernel modes–HAL and Executive services operate more efficiently–Application address space is protected–System is protected from illegal demandsA+ Guide to Software, 4e 6/36Networking Features•Workgroup: logical group of computers and users–Resources are shared within a workgroup–Administration is decentralized •Workgroup uses a peer-to-peer networking model•Domain: group of networked computers –Resources are controlled via a centralized directory•A domain uses a client/server networking model–Network operating system (NOS) controls directory–Some NOSs: Windows Server 2003, Novel NetWareA+ Guide to Software, 4e 7/36Figure 2-9 A Windows workgroup is a peer-to-peer network where no single computer controls the network and each computer controls its own resourcesA+ Guide to Software, 4e 8/36Figure 2-10 A Windows domain is a client/server network where security on each PC or other device is controlled by a centralized database on a domain controllerA+ Guide to Software, 4e 9/36Networking Features (continued)•Windows domains–Security accounts manager (SAM) database contents• User accounts, group accounts, computer accounts–Domain controller stores and controls SAM •Primary domain controller (PDC) holds original directory•Backup domain controller (BDC) holds read-only copy–Native mode: only Windows 2000 PDCs in the system–Mixed mode: at least one Windows NT PDC in system–Active directory: single point of control over network•Active Directory includes the SAM databaseA+ Guide to Software, 4e 10/36Networking Features (continued)•Windows 2000/XP Logon –Administrator account•Has rights and permissions to all computer resources•Used to set up other user accounts and assign privileges–Logon is required before OS can be used–Rights and permissions granted according to user group–Windows XP allows multiple users to be logged on–To logoff or switch to another user, press Ctrl-Alt-Del •Log Off Windows dialog box appearsA+ Guide to Software, 4e 11/36How Windows 2000/XP Manages Hard Drives•Hard drive organization: partition, logical drive, sector •Steps involved in logically organizing a drive:–Cylinders on the drive are divided into partitions•Partition table defines where partition begins and ends–Partitions are divided into logical drives; e.g., C, D, E•Creating first two levels is called partitioning the drives–Each logical drive is formatted with a file system•Some file systems used: FAT16, FAT32, or NTFS•Master Boot Record (MBR) or master boot sector–Contains master boot program and the partition tableA+ Guide to Software, 4e 12/36How Windows 2000/XP Manages Hard Drives (continued)•Actions performed by master boot program at POST:–Integrity of partition table is checked–Active (system) partition is located–OS boot program in active partition is executed•Types of partitions in Windows 2000/XP –Primary: has only one logical drive, such as drive C–Extended: can have multiple logical drives; e.g., D, E•Up to four partitions allowed in Windows 2000/XP–The active partition is always a primary partition–There can only be one extended partitionA+ Guide to Software, 4e 13/36How Windows 2000/XP Manages Hard Drives (continued)•System partition: active partition with OS boot record •Boot partition: store Windows 2000/XP OS•System and boot partitions are usually the same •Each logical drive is formatted with a file system•FAT16–16-bit cluster entries–A cluster contains four 512-byte sectors (2,048 bytes)–Minimum of one