Study Guide – Mid-Term ExamThe mid-term exam will consist of two parts:1. A map quiz, in which you will identify the locations of certain importantbiblical sites. See attached map. You will have some choice about the cities that you identify (e.g., choose 22 out of 24).2. A short answer quiz, in which you will provide short (4-5 sentence) answers to particular questions. You will have some choice about the questions that you answer (e.g., choose 6 out of 9). A list of the possible questions that may appear is below.IntroductionQuestions for Review and Discussion1. How does the Protestant Old Testament differ from the Hebrew Bible?2. How does the Catholic Old Testament differ from the Protestant canon?4. What are the oldest manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible?5. Why is the Greek translation important for the text of the Hebrew Bible?6. What new light has been shed on the formation of the Hebrew Bible by the Dead Sea Scrolls?9. According to modern scholars, when was the Torah or Pentateuch completed?10. When did the canon of the Hebrew Bible take shape?11. What is form criticism? redaction criticism?Chapter 1. The Near Eastern ContextQuestions for Review and Discussion5. What are the Amarna letters?8. How does the myth Enuma Elish relate to the political order in the ancient Near East?10. In what ways did Egyptian accounts of creation differ from those of Mesopotamia?Chapter 2. The Nature of the Pentateuchal NarrativeQuestions for Review and Discussion1. Why do scholars distinguish different sources in the Pentateuch?2. Identify some of the main stages in the development of the documentary hypothesis, up to the end of the nineteenth century.4. What are the major identifying characteristics of the J source?5. What is the profile of the P source? Of D?6. What is the importance of the reform of King Josiah in 621 B.C.E. for dating the sources of the Pentateuch?7. What are some current criticisms of the documentary hypothesis?Chapter 3. Primeval History (Genesis 1–11)Questions for Review and Discussion2. In what ways does the story of Gilgamesh shed light on the story of Adam and Eve?3. How should we understand the role of the serpent in the story of Adam and Eve?5. In what ways does the flood story in Genesis differ from other flood stories of the ancient Near East?Chapter 4. The Patriarchs (Genesis 12–50)Questions for Review and Discussion2. Who were the Habiru? The Hyksos?3. What was the contribution of Hermann Gunkel to the understanding of the patriarchal stories?4. How does the religion of the patriarchs differ from the religion of Israel as it is described in later books such as Deuteronomy?5. Discuss the role of deception in the stories of Abraham and Jacob. How would you address the ethical problems presented by these stories?Chapter 5. The Exodus from EgyptQuestions for Review and Discussion1. What evidence is there for an exodus of Hebrews out of Egypt in the latter part of the second millennium B.C.E.?2. How does archaeological evidence support the biblical story of the Exodus, or put it in question?3. What is the genre of the narratives in Exodus 1–18? What are the problems in using them ashistorical sources?4. What are the oldest traditions that relate the God YHWH to Mount Sinai? What can we learn from them about the early religion of Israel?5. How do you understand the encounter between Moses and YHWH at the burning bush?7. Why is YHWH portrayed as a warrior in early biblical texts?8. What are the main Priestly additions to the narrative in Exodus