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Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterEnergy Systems in Sustainable FutureDwindling reserves versus worldwide growth in demand will lead to energy prices beyond consumer’s ability to pay - leads to political tension and violence. Conventional oil and gas reserves will probably be exhausted between 2030 and 2050. Coal is the worst possible fossil fuel (most polluting of the fossil fuels and the one that produces the greatest amount of the greenhouse gas CO2per unit energy), but the world has at least a 150 year supply of coal.Conclusion: Sustainable future is not possible if we continue to rely on fossil fuel for energy. Therefore, a massive and immediate shift towards renewable sources is inevitable. Summary from Lecture 1 - Fossil Fuel FutureSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterEnergy has strong relationship with three pillars of sustainable development.Sustainability requires secure, reliable and affordable supply of energy.Sustainable energy future is not static - it must be continuously redefined and rebalanced with new technical solutions and technologies.Sustainability demands that we seek to change present trends.Change the structure of energy sector, behavior in our societies and economicsEnergy and SustainabilityChallenge:To fuel worldwide economic growth with secure and reliable energy supply without despoiling our environmentSource: IEA statement on sustainable development at the world summit on sustainable development, Johannesburg, 2002Sustainable developmentEconomyEnvironmentSocietySustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterTaxonomy of Sustainable Development GoalsSource: National Research Council, 1999Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterPer Capita Energy Consumption and HDIHDI: Human development index - a composite measure of development based indicators: life expectancy, educational level and per capita gross domestic product. Each data point corresponds to a country. Modest increase in PCEC can lead to marked improvements in the quality of life in the developing nations.Source: Alan D. Pasternak, Global energy futures and human development: A frame work for analysis, UCRL-ID-140773, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, U.S. DOE, 2003Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center0.11101000.1 1 10 100 1000Energy Consumption Per Capita ('000 BTU/person)PovertyAffluenceBurkina FasoUnited KingdomMexicoBangladeshChinaPolandSouth KoreaUnitedStates. FranceJapanEl Salvador RussiaSource: Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual 2000 Tables E1, B1, B2; Gross Domestic Product per capita is for 2000 in 1995 dollars. Updated May 2002 Per Capita Energy Consumption and GDPSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterEnergy Usage Sectors• Residential• Commercial •IndustryIron and steel, Chemicals and petrochemicals, Cement and other industries• TransportationRoad, Rail and aviationSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterEnergy Sources•Oil•Coal• Natural Gas•Nuclear•Biomass• Renewable EnergyWind, Hydro, Solar Etc.Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center0%20%40%60%80%100%1850 1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990Percent of Total Energy ProducedWoodCoalCrude OilNatural GasNuclearHydroNon-hydro RenewablesEnergy Production and Fuel TypeSustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center051015202530354045Residential Commercial Industrial TransportationQuads/YrNuclearRenew ablesPetroleum -- ImportedPetroleum -- DomesticNat. Gas -- ImportedNat. Gas -- DomesticCoalUS Primary Energy Consumption by Sector - 1999Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterUSAEnergy Use by SectorIndiaSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterEnergy Consumption by SectorSource: IEA Key World Statistics - 2003Sector China (%) United States (%) India (%)Industry 40 25 27Transportation 11 40 9Agriculture 3 1 2Commercial &public services14 13 1Residential 29 17 58Non energy use 3 4 31 Mtoe: amount of energy released when one million tones of crude oil is burnt=41.868x1015JSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterEnergy Consumption by Fuel TypeSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterFuel Consumption by SectorOilGasCoalSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterWorld Electricity Consumption by SectorSustainable Energy Science and Engineering Center200120102015202020250 20406080100Percent of TotalOilNatural GasCoalNuclearRenewablesHistoryProjectionsEnergy Use for Electricity GenerationSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterEnergy Consumption for Electricity GenerationSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterRetail Prices ($) in selected CountriesCountry Heavy Fuel Oil for Industry (tonne)Automotive Diesel oil (liter)Unleaded premium (liter)ElectricityFor Industry (kWh)ElectricityFor Households (kWh)Natural gas for Industry (107kcal GCV*)USA 174.48 0.380 0.381 0.0470 0.0830 176.27France 189.70 0.665 1.033 0.0368 0.1045 187.27Japan 219.42 0.518 0.829 0.1426 0.2144 406.4India 309.58 0.416 0.613 0.0801 0.0388 ------*GCV: Gross Caloric ValueSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterUS Energy ConsumptionEffects of conservation and improvements in energy efficient consumer and industrial and transportation sectorsSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterEvolution of Energy IntensitySource: Prof. Daniel Kammen, UC BerkeleySustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterRate of Change in World EnergySustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterWorld Primary EnergySource: Arthur Rosenfeld, commissioner, California Energy CommissionSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterRole of TechnologySource: Arthur Rosenfeld, commissioner, California Energy CommissionSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterRole of TechnologySource: Arthur Rosenfeld, commissioner, California Energy CommissionSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterLighting EfficiencySource: Secondary energy infobook, The need project 2005.Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterLighting Technology EvolutionSource: Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology and its impact on DLP television applications By DJ Segler, Texas Instruments Incorporated, DLP Products, March 2006.Future LightingSustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterReduction in Energy Use 1973-2002 Industrial SectorExample: 15.18 kWh/Kg to convert Bauxite to aluminumSource: Secondary energy infobook, The need project 2005.Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering CenterReduction in Energy


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FSU EML 4450 - LECTURE NOTES

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