Final Review 1Nutrition 51Vitamins1. Which statement about vitamins is true? A. Cannot be stored by the bodyB. Are inorganicC. Help regulate chemical reactions in the bodyD. Directly supply energy2. Which of the following is true about the intake of vitamins? A. Supplemental vitamins are better than those from foodB. Occasional lapses in vitamin intake should cause no harmC. It is hard to get all the vitamins we need from foodD. Vitamins consumed in excess are excreted3. Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way? A. Water-soluble ones are stored, whereas fat-soluble ones are excreted readilyB. Water-soluble are less likely to be toxicC. Fat-soluble vitamins have much less potential for toxicityD. Water-soluble vitamins are best absorbed in the presence of dietary fat4. Which of the following is true about the absorption, transport, and storage of fat-solublevitamins? A. They enter the bloodstream directly after absorptionB. Fat in the digestive contents is not important for their absorptionC. They are not stored to any great extentD. After absorption, they are transported in the bloodstream to body cells and or storedin the liver and fatty tissue5. Which of the following does not describe fat-soluble vitamins? A. They are stored in the bodyB. Excesses are excreted in the urineC. They are transported via the bloodstreamD. They tend to exist in several biologically active forms6. Which of the following is true about the forms of vitamin A? A. Retinoids are found in plant foodsB. Carotenoids are found in animal foodsC. Carotenoids can be converted retinoidsD. Retinoids are converted to carotenoids7. Most vitamin A is stored in the A. kidneys.B. small intestine.C. liver.D. adipose tissue.8. Which of the following vitamins has been helpful in large doses as a treatment for acne? A. CB. DC. AD. E9. This vitamin, when consumed during pregnancy, can help prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida. A. NiacinB. Folate/Folic AcidC. RiboflavinD. B610. The nutrient that can be considered both a vitamin and a hormone is A. Vitamin E.B. Vitamin D.C. Vitamin A.D. Niacin.11. Vitamin D is unique among the vitamins because A. it is absorbed and transported via the lymphatic system.B. absorption requires bile and fat.C. it can be formed in the body by skin exposure to the sun.D. it can be stored.12. All the following are characteristic of vitamin D except A. facilitates calcium absorption from the small intestine.B. is activated by the liver and kidney.C. causes the kidney to excrete less calcium in the urine.D. prevents osteoporosis.13. Efficient deposition of calcium and phosphorus in bones is the net effect of A. Vitamin A.B. Riboflavin.C. Vitamin D.D. Niacin.14. The childhood disease rickets is due to a deficiency. A. Vitamin DB. Vitamin AC. Vitamin CD. Vitamin K15. The most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet is A. poultry.B. whole-grain cereals.C. yellow squash.D. fortified milk.16. The major effect of taking high doses of vitamin D is A. excessive acne.B. calcium deposits in the kidneys and other organs.C. limb paralysis.D. a flaky skin rash.17. Vitamin E functions as a(n) A. coenzyme.B. antioxidant.C. hormone.D. enzyme.18. Which of the following serves as an antioxidant in cell membranes, protecting them andDNA inside cells, from damage? A. Vitamin KB. Vitamin DC. NiacinD. Vitamin E19. The nutrient essential for synthesis of several blood clotting factors is A. Vitamin A.B. Vitamin C.C. Vitamin K.D. Vitamin E.20. In general, excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted via the A. kidneys.B. intestine.C. lungs.D. liver.21. All the following are true of B vitamins except A. are water soluble.B. serve as coenzymes.C. can be lost during food processing and preparation.D. are stored in the liver.22. What disease is caused by a thiamin deficiency? A. PellagraB. ScurvyC. KwashiorkorD. Beriberi23. The foods that provide the largest source of riboflavin in the American diet are A. meats.B. whole grain cereals.C. milk and dairy products.D. dark green leafy vegetables.24. Niacin is necessary to prevent the disease A. pernicious anemia.B. beriberi.C. scurvy.D. pellagra.25. Some niacin is formed in the body from A. phenylalanine.B. tyrosine.C. tryptophan.D. lysine.26. Generally, good folate sources are A. fruits.B. green leafy vegetables.C. milk and dairy products.D. poultry.27. Acquiring sufficient vitamin B12 from the diet may be a problem to vegans because A. phytic acid in vegetable proteins may inhibit its absorption.B. they lack the R-protein in the stomach.C. it is only found in animal products.D. deficiency may result from high intakes of legumes.28. Scurvy can be prevented with adequate intakes of A. niacin.B. riboflavin.C. Vitamin C.D. thiamin.29. A reversible condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin A affecting the visual cycle is _______. ________________________________________30. Vitamin D can be produced in the skin in response to