Slide 1Slide 2Slide 3Components of Surficial Geologic MapsEnvironments of Surficial DepositsContinental Glacial DepositsGlacial Map Unit and Landforms Pine County MNShapes of Surficial Geologic UnitsSlide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31GEOL 3000GEOL 3000Surficial Geological MapsSurficial Geological Mapswith a brief overview of glacial with a brief overview of glacial processes and depositsprocesses and depositsSurficial Geologic MapsShow the distribution of unconsolidated earth materials and commonly landforms at the near surfaceSoil Map Surficial Geologic MapSoil maps classify units by soil fertility of surficial material, which has been variably affected by in situ chemical weathering Surficial geologic maps denote unconsolidated material deposited at the site by some recent geologic processesComponents of Surficial Geologic MapsMap units - defined by the age, composition, and environment of deposition• Stream deposits –river alluvium, alluvial fans, floodplains• Glacial deposits – recessional moraines, ground moraine till, glaciofluvial (outwash) deposits, glacial lake beds• Coastal deposits – tidal areas, deltas, lagoons, reefs, beaches• Slope deposits – talus, mudflows, landslides, colluvium • Wind-laid deposits – sand dune field, loess, volcanic ash• Spring deposits – tufa, geyserite• Lake deposits – playa lake beds, peat bedsLandforms - denoted by linework that outlines, traces, or shows the orientation of topographic features related to geomorphic landforms (e.g. stream terraces, sand dunes, spits, alluvial fans, sand dunes, scarps, drumlins, eskers, moraines, glacial straitions)Environments of Surficial DepositsShapes of surficial deposits tend to generally have coplanar upper and lower contacts, but on a larger scale, tend to be non-sheet-likeContinental Glacial DepositsGlacial Map Unit and LandformsPine County MNShapes of Surficial Geologic UnitsWashington CountyPine CountyMap Patterns on Quaternary Geologic MapsThe Pleistocene EpochTHE ICE AGE~2,000,000,000-10,000 yearsMyrdasjokull Ice Cap, S. Iceland, 1999, C.JenningsZone of AccumulationZone of AblationGlaciers: Nature’s BulldozerAdvanceErosionRetreatDepositionPowerful Agents of Erosionglacial striationsDirty IceDeposits from IceTillDeposits from MeltwaterOutwashCommon Continental Glacial Landformsformed during glacial retreatRecessional Recessional Moraines Moraines DriftlessDriftlessAreaAreaGlacial OutwashPlainsAlaskaIcelandPro-glacial LakesLake WinnebagoThe Last Glacial Retreat out of Lake SuperiorGlacial Lake AgazziThe Mother of All Pro-glacial LakesGlacial River Warren/Glacial River Warren/Minnesota RiverMinnesota RiverThe SpillwayThe SpillwayBemis MoraineBemis MoraineThe DamThe DamLake-riddledGround MoraineFormation of Kettle LakesESKERSsubglacial river depositsDRUMLINSStream-linedHillsToimi DrumlinsSt.Louis/Lake Cos.Minnesota’s Landscape: The Legacy of the GlaciersGlacial Deposits of MinnesotaThe Invasion of the Canadian Ice