Evolutionary PsychologyAsymmetrical PressureSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Sexual SignalingSlide 7Slide 8AttractivenessSlide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Paternal UncertaintySlide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Female OrgasmA few Comments on Evolutionary Theory1Evolutionary Psychology2Asymmetrical Pressure“I have been noticing you around campus. I find you very attractive. Would you go out with me tonight?”–Women: 50%–Men: 50%3Asymmetrical Pressure“I have been noticing you around campus. I find you very attractive. Would you come to my apartment tonight?”–Women: 6%–Men: 69%4Asymmetrical Pressure“I have been noticing you around campus. I find you very attractive. Would you go to bed with me tonight?”–Women: 0%–Men: 75%5Asymmetrical PressureMen WomenDate 50% 50%Apartment 69% 6%Bed 75% 0%(Clarke & Hatfield, 1989)6Sexual Signaling•Costly - require good health•Honest - reflect good health7Sexual Signaling8Sexual Signaling•Concealed ovulation:–competing pressures•signaling fertility•hiding lack of fertility9Attractiveness10Attractiveness11Attractiveness12Attractiveness13Attractiveness14Attractiveness15Attractiveness16Attractiveness•Indicators of health/fertility:–HWR–symmetry & averageness of features•both adults and infants demonstrate this preference•Chinese and Japanese showed same preference•(women show a preference for odor of symmetrical bodies only when they are ovulating)–youthful - baby face–fluctuating asymmetry (2D:4D)•cultural differences17Paternal Uncertainty•Gene shopping–Resemblance - does the baby resemble the mother or the father?•mothers –rate infant as resembling the father•mothers, if father present –rate infant as resembling the father•mothers family –rate infant as resembling the father•fathers –equally likely to rate infant as resembling father or mother(McLain et al., 2000; Knieps, 1997)18Paternal Uncertainty•Response bias or greater paternal resemblance?19202122Paternal Uncertainty•Response bias or greater paternal resemblance?–impartial judges •varies by study:–rate infant as resembling the mother–equally likely to rate infant as resembling father or mother(McLain et al., 2000; Knieps, 1997)•“It’s a wise man who knows his own son.”23Paternal Uncertainty•How common is gene shopping?•Paternal testing laboratories–ranging from 1 in 7 to 1 in 10 children not sired by person identified as father•Accurate?24Female Orgasm•Sexual pleasure •Domestic bliss•Male ego•Paternal confidence25A few Comments onEvolutionary Theory•Adaptation vs. random genetic drift•Punctuated equilibria vs. gradual evolution/adaptation–species do not evolve slowly–fossil record - leaps, not gradual change–fossil record - gradual changes suggests random genetic drift•Evolution of new species vs... adaptation within