Total Work Time and itsAllocation in Households:Evidence from Four European CountriesHannu PääkkönenIATUR XXVIIII Annual Conference 20072Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Aim of the presentation! Demonstrate the contents of the HarmonisedEuropean Time Use Database! Describe the possibilities it offers for analysingallocation of time in households3Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007HETUS Database: 15 countries " Germany 2001–2002 Belgium 2005 " Spain 2002–2003 Bulgaria 2001–2002" France 1998–1999 Estonia 1999–2000 " Italy 2002–2003 Latvia 2003" Finland 1999–2000 Lithuania 2003" Sweden 2000–2001 Poland 2003–2004" UK 2000–2001 Slovenia 2000–2001" Norway 2000–20014Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007 Data Country Fieldwork Sample No. of days period size (persons)Finland 1999–2000 5 322 Two daysGermany 2001–2002 12 655 Three daysSpain 2002–2003 46 774 One dayUnited Kingdom 2000–2001 10 366 Two days5Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Two subsamples (aged 20–74)" All couples (married or cohabiting)," Couples (married or cohabiting) with children aged 0–176Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Activity status of the spouses" Employed (full-time or part-time)" Not employed (on maternity, parental or other leave,unemployed, student, retired, permanently disabled,fulfilling domestic tasks, other)7Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Time use variables available" Main activity (49 categories)" Secondary activity (10 categories)" Location and mode of transport (11 categories)" Social context (8 categories)8Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Total work time" Paid work (without commuting)" Domestic work (without travel):! Child care! Other domestic (housekeeping, maintenance, shopping)9Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Activity status of married or cohabiting men aged 20to 74, weighted distribution (%)Source: HETUS online databaseFinlandGermanySpainUK0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%Employed full-time Employed part-time Not employed No answer10Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Activity status of married or cohabiting women aged20 to 74, weighted distribution (%)Source: HETUS online databaseFinlandGermanySpainUK0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%Employed full-time Employed part-time Not employed No answer11Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Distribution of cases by activity status by country,weighted distribution (%)E=employed, NE=not employedSource: HETUS online databaseFinlandGermanySpainUK0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%Husband E, wife E Husband E, wife NEHusband NE, wife E Husband NE, wife NE12Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Total work time by countryBoth employedSource: HETUS online databaseFinlandHusbandWifeGermanyHusbandWifeSpainHusbandWifeUKHusbandWife0 10203040506070Hours per weekPaid work Unpaid work13Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Allocation of time to paid work, childcare and otherdomestic work by countryBoth employed, couples with children aged 0–17Source: HETUS online databaseFinlandHusbandWifeGermanyHusbandWifeSpainHusbandWifeUKHusbandWife0 10203040506070Hours per weekPaid work Child care Other domestic14Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Total work time by countryHusband employed, wife not employedSource: HETUS online databaseFinlandHusbandWifeGermanyHusbandWifeSpainHusbandWifeUKHusbandWife0 10203040506070Hours per weekPaid work Unpaid work15Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Allocation of time to paid work, childcare and otherdomestic work by countryHusband employed, wife not employed, couples with children aged 0–17Source: HETUS online databaseFinlandHusbandWifeGermanyHusbandWifeSpainHusbandWifeUKHusbandWife0 10203040506070Hours per weekPaid work Childcare Other domestic16Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Total work time by countryHusband not employed, wife employedSource: HETUS online databaseFinlandHusbandWifeGermanyHusbandWifeSpainHusbandWifeUKHusbandWife0 10203040506070Hours per weekPaid work Unpaid work17Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Allocation of time to paid work, childcare and otherdomestic work by countryHusband not employed, wife employed, couples with children aged 0–17Source: HETUS online databaseFinlandHusband (n=106)Wife (n=109)GermanyHusband (n=208)Wife (n=210)SpainHusband (n=213)Wife (n=217)UKHusband (n=105)Wife (n=106)0 10203040506070Hours per weekPaid work Childcare Other domestic18Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Husband’s share of spouses’ total time used fordomestic work by country, all couplesE=employed, NE=not employedSource: HETUS online databaseBoth EHusband E, wife NEHusband NE, wife E0 10203040506070%Finland Germany Spain UK19Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Husband’s share of spouses’ total time used fordomestic work, couples with children aged 0–17Both employedSource: HETUS online databaseChildcareOther domestic0 10203040506070%Finland Germany Spain UK20Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Husband’s share of spouses’ total time used fordomestic work, couples with children aged 0–17Husband employed, wife not employedSource: HETUS online databaseChildcareOther domestic0 10203040506070%Finland Germany Spain UK21Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Husband’s share of spouses’ total time used fordomestic work, couples with children aged 0–17Husband not employed, wife employedSource: HETUS online databaseChildcareOther domestic0 10203040506070%Finland Germany Spain UK22Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Conclusions" HETUS database offers good possibilities for analysingallocation of time in households" The total workload of dual-earner spouses is nearly equalin FinIand, Germany and the UK" In Spain, women’s work load is bigger than men’s becauseof women’s huge domestic workload" Men do more paid work and women more domestic work inall the selected countries" Non-employed husbands with an employed wife do abigger share of domestic work than working husbands23Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Conclusions cont." However, we have compared here gross time for paid workand net time for domestic work (see Rydenstam, 2004)" Breaks are included in paid work but not in domestic work" => unfavourable for women24Hannu Pääkkönen IATUR 2007Source:" Harmonised European Time Use Survey [online databaseversion 1.0]. Created 2005-2007 byStatistics Finland and Statistics Sweden." https://www.testh2.scb.se/tus/tus/" Credentials: