RELS108 1st EditionLecture 5Outline of Last LectureThe nature of the sacred, sacred manifestationsOutline of Current LectureI. Hierophany – manifestation of the sacred II. Eliade says humans become aware of th sacred bcause it manifests itself as something totally different from the profaneIII. Something sacred shows itself to usIV. Goes for the most primitive to developed religionsV. Basic and supreme hierophaniesVI. All nature is capable of revealing itself as sacred cosmosVII. 3 hierophany patterns (all religions contain elements of the 3; some are just more common than others)a. Prophetic: person/prophet receives revelation that deals with the spiritual community (found in Judaism and Islam)b. Sacramental: presence of the sacred in and through material reality; immanent, not transcendent (found in tribal religions, native traditions, Japanese Shinto and Christianity)c. Mystical: being in a certain state of consciousness in search of enlightenment; emphasizes direct experience (found in Buddhism and Hinduism) VIII. Sacred manifestations also break through in peopleIX. Founders of a tradition are always considered sacreda. Example: i. Lao Tzu  Taoismii. Confucius  Confucianismiii. Moses  JudaismX. Archetype – primary patterna. Example of someone who manifests sacramental  Jesusb. Example of someone who manifests mystical  BuddhaXI. Sacred ideal in Buddhism is Bodhisattva XII. Bodhisattva – being who is awake; sacred personXIII. Bodhi-citta – awake mindXIV. Messiah – Greek Cristos; means anointedThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.XV. Jesus is regarded as incarnation of “Logos”XVI. Logos – the eternal hierophanyXVII. Hierophany can be found in sacred objectsa. Objects include: rosaries, relics, foods, clothing, etc. XVIII. Zen  tea ceremonyXIX. Christianity sacraments  bread and whineXX. Transubstantiation: whether or not bread and wine becomes body and blood XXI. Sacred can also manifest itself in timeXXII. Ancient Greeks had 2 types of timea. Chronos: linear and sequential; beginning, middle and endb. Kairos: time feels right/the right time; moment of indeterminate time where something special occurs; window of time for someone to participate in something; open dimensionXXIII. Linear time: symbol is an arrow; seen in Christianity, Judaism, and IslamXXIV. Cyclical Time: symbol is a boomerang; patterns, cycles, universe has neither beginning nor end; seen in Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and SeikhismXXV. Cosmology – study of the universe and its origins and fateXXVI. Cosmos = orderXXVII. Cosmology asks 4 essential questionsa. Origin: where did this universe come from?b. Material: what is it composed of?c. Purpose: does the universe have a reason for existing? (Teleology)d. Consciousness: why are thing conscious? Does consciousness have a purpose?i. Epistemology = study of knowing (what does it mean to know? How do we