Sensor Network SimulationContentsIntroductionSimulatorsTOSSIMSlide 6AvroraSlide 8ViptosTestbedsMoteLabSlide 12KanseiSlide 14ConclusionConclusion (cont’d)Any questions?Sensor Network SimulationSimulators and TestbedsJaehoon KimJeeyoung KimSungwook MoonContents1. Introduction2. Simulators1. TOSSIM2. Avrora3. Viptos3. Testbeds1. MoteLab2. Kansei4. ConclusionIntroductionWhat is a network simulator?Why a sensor network simulator?What is a testbed?Simulators vs Testbeds?Simulators1. TOSSIM2. Avrora3. ViptosTOSSIMOverview.A TinyOS based interrupt-level discrete event simulatorCan capture network behavior at a high fidelity while scaling to thousands of nodes (up to 8192 nodes)Helped to discover bugs in TinyOSProvides a high degree of accuracy by using models of only a few low-level components with or without a few modification of source codeTOSSIMDisadvantagesOnly compatible with TinyOSNo preemptionDoes not capture CPU time (cycle count)•But it would limit scalability.Does not capture energy consumption.•It requires adding hooks to the simulator implementations of hardware abstraction componentsAvroraOverviewA cycle-accurate instruction level sensor network simulator which scales to networks of up to 10,000 nodesUses a cycle-by-cycle implementation strategy where each node and each device are advanced by one clock cycle every roundPerforms as much as 20 times faster than its previous simulator(ATEMU)Only 50% slower than TOSSIMAvroraDisadvantagesDid not model clock drift•In reality, nodes may run at slightly different clock frequencies over time due to manufacturing tolerances, temperature, and battery reason.Validating timing results with real-world systems for all devices remains as future work•Only verified timing results for large programs with radio communication and real hardware for small, simple programs.ViptosOverviewGraphical development and simulation environment for TinyOS-based wireless sensor networksTransforms the diagram into a nesC programExtends the capabilities of TOSSIM to allow simulation of heterogeneous networksAllows application developers to easily transition between high-level simulation of algorithms to low-level implementation and simulationTestbeds1. MoteLab2. KanseiMoteLabOverviewWeb-based sensor network testbedSet of permanently deployed nodesWeb interface for usersDirect interaction with individual nodesMoteLabDetailsSet of software toolsFour main pieces•MySQL Database Backend•Web Interface•DBLogger•Job DaemonUse Models•Batch Use•Real-time AccessKanseiOverviewNetworked sensing applications at scaleCouple general set of arrays Readily add new platformsAddressing the scaling challengeEnables scaling via software in a high fidelity mannerKanseiDetailsSet of hardware platforms•Hardware infrastructure•Stationary array•Portable array•Mobile array•Director•High fidelity sensor data generation tools•Hybrid simulationConclusionTOSSIM has good performance but with limited usabilityAvrora has slightly improved fidelity but has a 50% slower performance rate (than TOSSIM)Viptos enables a graphical representation of the simulation on top of TOSSIMThey are different but none are superior or inferior to the otherConclusion (cont’d)MoteLab provides a web-based interfaceKansei has better scalabilityBoth provide networked testbeds with shared access for usersAny