Unformatted text preview:

Overweight and Obesity: Prevalence and Health RisksOverweight vs. ObeseBody Mass IndexSlide 41998 NIH-NHLBI Clinical Guidelines1998 NIH-NHLBI GuidelinesPrevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004 JAMA 295: 1549-1555 (2006)Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1985 and 2005Is being overweight really that dangerous? Excess Deaths Associated with Underweight, Overweight, and Obesity JAMA 2005:293:1861-1867Slide 10Is being overweight really that dangerous? Other interpretations:Slide 12Prevalence and Trends in Obesity Among US Adults, 1999-2000 JAMA 288(14)1723-1727 (2002)Childhood ObesityOverweight Prevalence in Children & Adolescents: DefinitionsSlide 16American children are getting fatter…American boys of all ethnicities are getting fatterAmerican girls, especially African-American girls, are getting fatterThe Spread of the Obesity Epidemic in the US, 1991-1998Changes of Obesity Prevalence: GenderChanges of Obesity Prevalence: AgeChanges of Obesity Prevalence: EthnicityChanges of Obesity Prevalence: Education LevelObesity is growing worldwide Science: 7 January 2005: vol. 307. no. 5706, p. 38Obesity and HealthObesity and Mortality RateOverweight and Coronary Heart DiseaseBMI and Prevalence of Hypercholesterolemia NHANES IIIBMI and Prevalence of Low HDL NHANES IIIObesity and Diabetes MellitusDiabetes Prevalence 1994 & 2002Slide 33Millions of Cases of Diabetes in 2000 and Projections for 2030, with Projected Percent Changes. NEJM 356:213-215(2007)Slide 35Complications of DiabetesSlide 37Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes (2005)Obesity and StrokeBMI and Prevalence of HypertensionPrevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among US Adults JAMA, 287: 356-359 (2002)Slide 42Slide 43Slide 44Obesity and CancerOverweight, Obesity, and Mortality from Cancer in a Prospectively Studied Cohort of U.S. Adults NEJM 348:1625(April 2003)Obesity and Mortality from Cancer NEJM April 2003Slide 48Slide 49Under Fitness vs Over Fatness?Slide 51Slide 52Association of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index With Novel and Traditional Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Women Samia Mora, MD, MHS; I-Min Lee, MBBS, ScD; Julie E. Buring, ScD; Paul M Ridker, MD, MPH JAMA. 2006;295:1412-1419.Another view: Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Macronutrient Intake, and the Metabolic Syndrome: The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study JADA 2006; 106:673-679Slide 55The Cost of Obesity Health Affairs, Aug 2006Effects of Weight Loss on Health The good news!The Effect of Weight Loss on Left Ventricular Mass NEJM 314: 334-339 (1986)Hypertension and Weight Loss in MenWomen, Weight Change, & HypertensionSlide 61Long-term effects of modest weight loss in Type II diabetic patients. Arch. Int. Med. 147:1749-1753 (1987)Long-term effects of modest weight loss in Type II diabetic patients.Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Changes in Lifestyle among Subjects with Impaired Glucose ToleranceSlide 65Weight Cycling - Risk Factor?Variability of body weight and health outcomes in the Framingham population. NEJM 324: 1839-1844 (1991)Weight Cycling and Cholecystectomy in WomenSlide 69Intentional vs Unintentional Weight Loss and Mortality in Older Women.Slide 71Weight Cycling: Health Risk Factor?A Prospective Study of Weight Change and Health-Related Quality of Life in WomenThe effect of weight gain/loss on: Vitality ScoreThe effect of weight gain/loss on: Mental Health ScoreA Prospective Study of Weight Change and Health-Related Quality of Life in Women. Conclusions:Slide 77Jamie Lee Curtis Before and after work with 13 experts & 3 hours “True Thighs” More magazine, August 2002Slide 79Overweight and Obesity:Prevalence and Health RisksDr. David L. GeeFCSN/PE 446Overweight vs. ObeseTraditional Definitions–Obese: Body fatness above population norm–Overweight: Body weight above population normCurrent NIH Definition–Obese is a more severe form of overweightBody Mass IndexBMI = BW / H2where: –BW = kilograms–H = metersBody Mass IndexExample:–BW = 165 lbs / 2.2 lbs/kg  = 75 kg–H = 70 in x 2.54 cm/in  = 178 cm = 1.78 mBMI = 75 / 1.782 = 24BMI is not a direct measure of body fatness1998 NIH-NHLBI Clinical GuidelinesExpert Panel (24 members)Systematic Literature Review (1980-1997)394 randomized controlled trialsExecutive summary 1998Arch Int Med (Sept ‘98), JADA (Oct ‘98), NHLBI Web page1998 NIH-NHLBI GuidelinesOverweight: BMI 25 - 29.9Obese: BMI > 30–Obesity Class I: 30 - 34.9–Obesity Class II: 35 - 39.9–Extreme Obesity: >40Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the United States, 1999-2004JAMA 295: 1549-1555 (2006)2003-2004 NHANESAll adults Males FemalesOverweightBMI > 2566% 71% 62%ObeseBMI > 3032% 31% 33%Severely ObeseBMI > 405% 3% 7%Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1985 and 2005Obesity Trends Among U.S. Adults between 1985 and 2005 Source of the data:CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). –state health departments –monthly telephone interviews with U.S. adults. Source of the data:CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). –state health departments –monthly telephone interviews with U.S. adults.Is being overweight really that dangerous?Excess Deaths Associated with Underweight, Overweight, and ObesityJAMA 2005:293:1861-1867“Underweight and obesity… were associated with increased mortality…”“Overweight was not associated with excess mortality.”“Study finds government overstated danger of obesity” – USA Today – 4/19/05–http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/2005-04-19-obesity-danger_x.htmFor adults ages 25-59, increased mortality in underweight and obese categories, but not overweight category.Is being overweight really that dangerous?Other interpretations:While risk of mortality may not be greater in overweight subjects, risk of chronic disease is greater in overweight and obese subjects–Improved detection and treatment of risk factors result in reduced mortality in overweight subjectsHypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemiaQuality of lifeOverweight is a temporary state–Most/many overweight become obese–Obese state is clearly a health riskPrevalence and Trends in Obesity Among US Adults, 1999-2000JAMA 288(14)1723-1727 (2002)Childhood ObesityOverweight Prevalence inChildren & Adolescents: DefinitionsCriteria based on NHANES 1976-1980Higher BMI criteria–>95th percentile = overweight, medical follow-up (~BMI=30 in adults)–85-95th pct =


View Full Document

CWU FCSN 446 - Overweight and Obesity

Download Overweight and Obesity
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Overweight and Obesity and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Overweight and Obesity 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?