(CHEM 1332) 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture - Introduction to chemistry - Three states of matter in macroscopic and submicroscopic- Phase changes Outline of Current Lecture - Phase diagram- Inter-particle forcesCurrent Lecture- The phase diagram is a pressure vs. temperature graph.- Mp- or melting point is where the solid and liquid interface usually that slope is almost vertical (a little positive from vertical)- Melting point is essentially independent of pressure.- Some species like water the line is a little negative of the vertical.- Bp- or boiling point is where the liquid and gas interface.- Boiling point is very dependent of pressureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- A liquid boils when the vapor pressure is equal to the atmospheric pressure.- The vapor pressure is highlighted in the diagram- Triple point- is where all three states coexist.- The critical point is at the end of the line- Inter-particle forces (IPF) affect the physics of melting point, boiling point, change in heatfusion, change in heat vapor, viscosity and surface tension these are as the (IPF) is stronger they increase- Vapor pressure has the opposite affect as IPF is stronger vapor pressure goes down- Ionic bonds are very very very strong bonds and have higher boiling and melting points - Metallic bonds very very very strong bonds described as a sea of electrons have high boiling and melting points mercury is one of the few metals that is liquid at room temperature.- Network covalent bonds are very very very very strong bonds have high melting and boiling points an examples are diamonds and graphites.Key TermsTriple point- the three phase-transition curves meet at this point and are at equilibriumCritical point- the two densities become equal and the phase boundary disappears Inter-particle forces- the attraction between molecules with partial charges or between ions andmoleculesVapor pressure- the pressure exerted by the vapor at the
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