11Police ProcessPolice ProcessDaeDae--HoonHoonKwakKwakMichigan State UniversityMichigan State UniversityCJ 335CJ 335Summer 2006Summer 20066/5/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006Lecture 9Lecture 9Peacemaking andOrder Maintenance22Outline for the lectureOutline for the lecture6/5/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••Comprehend the police role and response to order Comprehend the police role and response to order maintenance problemsmaintenance problems••Understand the complexities surrounding domestic violence Understand the complexities surrounding domestic violence in the U.S.in the U.S.••Explain the police response to particular segments of the Explain the police response to particular segments of the population (especially, mentally ill and juveniles)population (especially, mentally ill and juveniles)33The Police RoleThe Police Role6/5/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••Role ConflictRole Conflict--Public Expectation vs. What the police actually doPublic Expectation vs. What the police actually do••CrimeCrime--fighters?fighters?--In 2004, Lansing Police Dept. In 2004, Lansing Police Dept. a. Calls for service a. Calls for service = 359,525= 359,525b. Dispatched callsb. Dispatched calls= 147,878 (41%)= 147,878 (41%)c. c. Crime related callsCrime related calls= 5,162 (3.5%)= 5,162 (3.5%)Violent CrimesViolent Crimes= 1,181 (0.8%)= 1,181 (0.8%)Property CrimesProperty Crimes= 3,981 (2.7%)= 3,981 (2.7%)44The Police Role (cont.)The Police Role (cont.)6/5/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••MastrofskiMastrofski’’ss4 ways Non CFS improve police effectiveness4 ways Non CFS improve police effectiveness--Crime prophylacticCrime prophylactic: defuse potentially violent situations: defuse potentially violent situations--Police KnowledgePolice Knowledge: provides more knowledge to help solve : provides more knowledge to help solve crimescrimes--Social workSocial work: potential lawbreakers into law: potential lawbreakers into law--abiding abiding behaviorbehavior--Community cooperationCommunity cooperation: effective responses to non crime : effective responses to non crime calls can help the police to establish greater credibilitycalls can help the police to establish greater credibility--All models assumes that crime fighting is All models assumes that crime fighting is the central part of the central part of the police rolethe police role55Calling The PoliceCalling The Police6/5/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••Public ExpectationsPublic Expectations--Citizens have come to expect police to respond to all Citizens have come to expect police to respond to all problemsproblems--MeyerMeyer’’s four reasons for calling police in nons four reasons for calling police in non--crime crime situationssituationsa. To maintain a social boundarya. To maintain a social boundaryb. To relieve unpleasant situationsb. To relieve unpleasant situationsc. To divert attention away from his or her own behavior: c. To divert attention away from his or her own behavior: ““counterpunchingcounterpunching””d. To obtain emergency serviced. To obtain emergency service66Police ResponsePolice Response6/5/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••DiscretionDiscretion--Police exercise great amount of discretion in nonPolice exercise great amount of discretion in non--crime callscrime calls--Police typically Police typically handle situations informally with no official handle situations informally with no official actionsactions••BayleyBayleyand and GarafaloGarafalo’’ssStudyStudy- Passive officers only observed and took notes- Active officers took control of the situation, asked questions,and gave advice or warnings• Mastrofski et al. found citizens comply with police requests 80% of the time77Traffic EnforcementTraffic Enforcement6/5/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••Traffic Enforcement (TE)Traffic Enforcement (TE)-The most common type of order maintenance activity(e.g., about 10% of licensed drivers stopped, ½ for speeding)- TE creates significant tension between police and the public due to citizen resentment Æ Police find TE distasteful- Traffic stops are one of the most dangerous police tasks, in terms of officers killed (13%) or injured on duty, because some stops involve armed and dangerous criminals--All patrol officers are responsible for TE, larger depts. All patrol officers are responsible for TE, larger depts. Typically have a separate traffic unitTypically have a separate traffic unit88Traffic Enforcement (cont.)Traffic Enforcement (cont.)6/5/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••Traffic Enforcement (cont.)Traffic Enforcement (cont.)- Traffic units vary widely among depts.- Results from formal or informal dept. policiesa. Community pressure may create vigorous enforcementb. Chief of police may dictate policyc. Formal or informal ticket quotas- “Crackdowns” Dayton Studya. Intensive enforcement in one high-traffic precinctb. No impact99Traffic Enforcement (cont.)Traffic Enforcement (cont.)6/5/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••DrunkDrunk--Driving: Driving: Michigan Law and Facts-.08 BAC limitfor OWI, a zero tolerance limit for minors-“Implied Consent Law”: all drivers are considered to have given their consent to a breath test-1sttime offender: Up to 93 daysin jail, $500fine, 360Hof community service, 6 ptson license, and 180 days suspended license, etc..- In 2002, alcohol-related fatalities (422, $3.7 million), persons injured (9,414, $92,000), injury crashes (6,575), and fatal crashes (384)1010Traffic Enforcement (cont.)Traffic Enforcement (cont.)6/5/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••DrunkDrunk--Driving CrackdownsDriving Crackdowns- In the 1980s, national crusade against DWI lead to increased DWI penalties and crackdowns- These included tactics such as random stops of drivers and road blocks to stop all drivers-The goals was to apprehend actual drunk driversand deter potential drunk drivers- As shown in Table 8-4 in textbook, alcohol related deaths in years 1982-2002 that reveals a marked decline1111Traffic Enforcement (cont.)Traffic Enforcement (cont.)6/5/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••DrunkDrunk--Driving Crackdowns (cont.)Driving Crackdowns (cont.)- Crackdowns in England and Scandinaviaa. 1967 Road Safety Act in England: Police to require a breath test of any driverb. Traffic fatalities and seriousinjuries dropped, then returned to their previous level1212Traffic Enforcement (cont.)Traffic Enforcement (cont.)6/5/2006CJ 335 Summer 2006••DrunkDrunk--Driving Crackdowns (cont.)Driving Crackdowns (cont.)- Factors that influence to