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ISU CSD 115 - Laryngeal System
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Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Physiology of Respirationa. Boyle’s Lawb. Step 1c. Inhalationd. Step 2e. ExhalationII. Quiet Breathinga. Adultsb. Tidal VolumeIII. Breathing for SpeechOutline of Current Lecture I. Laryngeal System-Valvea. Biological Functionsb. Speech FunctionsII. StructuresIII. Cartilagea. Thyroidb. Cricoidc. ArytenoidIV. Laryngeal Musclesa. Abductorb. Adductorc. Vocal Foldsd. Attachmente. Span AcrossV. Physiology of Phonationa. Bernoulli Principleb. Myoelastic-aerodynamic TheoryVI. Laryngeal ToneVII. Articulatory Systema. Biological Functionb. Speech FunctionVIII. Structuresa. Vocal Tractb. Pharyngeal Cavityc. Oral CavityCurrent LectureLaryngeal System-Valve- Biological function of laryngeal system is:CSD 115 1st Editiono When closed, it allows us to trap air in the lungs creating thoracic pressure needed to life heavy objects and expel bodily wasteo When open, allows free flow of air from the lungs to the atmosphere that allows you to quietly breathe.- Speech functions of the laryngeal system is to allow free flow of air to flow through the larynx so you can speako Vibratory action produces sounds (voice) for speecho Sound for speech is called laryngeal toneo Power comes from lungsStructures- Structures of the laryngeal system include:o Larynx Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Vocal folds Epiglottiso Hyoid Bone Not part of the larynx, but part of the laryngeal systemCartilage of the Larynx- Thyroid Cartilageo Largest structure in the larynxo Anterior prominence, Adams Appleo It protects the vocal folds- Cricoid Cartilageo Sits on topo Top most tracheal ring, just below the thyroid- Arytenoid Cartilageo Pairedo Sits atop cricoids, opposite thyroido Pyramidal, rocking actiono Can’t be viewed from the frontLaryngeal Muscles- Abductor: opens the vocals- Adductor: closes the vocals- Vocal folds/chords: attached to the backside of the thyroid cartilage, innermost tips of arytenoidso span across the top of cricoid cartilageo glottis is only present when vocals are openPhysiology of Phonation- Bernoulli Principle: as the speed of a moving fluid increases, the pressure associated with this movement will decreaseo Vocal folds are blown apart by subglottic air pressure, and the moving air resulted in a decrease in air pressure.o When the folds are blown apart, they return to their original resting position because of their elastic properties and the Bernoulli Principle.o This is known as a one cycle fold vibration- Myoelastic-aerodynamic Theory: when the subglottic air pressure is greater than the forces of resistance, the vocal folds are blown apart and the air rushes through the openingo Myo: muscleso Elastic: stretchable properties of these muscles (vocal folds)o Aerodynamic: moving airLaryngeal Tone- Produced during rapid vibration of vocals- Source of sound for speech production- Vibratory rateo Children: 400/secondo Adult female: 225/secondo Adult male: 125/secondo Based on how long and how thick your vocal chords are Higher pitch= faster vibration; need long and thin vocal fold Lower pitch= slow vibration; short and thin vocal chords- Vocal folds are primary muscle of phonationo Adductor muscles openo Abductor muscles apartArticulatory System- Biological Function o Mastication-Chewingo Deglutition- Swallowingo Disease Prevention- Tonsils and adenoids- Speech Productiono To produce speech sounds- PhonemesArticulatory System Structures- Vocal Tract: begins just above the vocal folds and ends at the lips and nose. There are three cavities - Pharyngeal Cavityo Begins just above the vocal folds and ends at the back of the oral and nasal cavitieso Contains tonsils/adenoids Help protect from infection by trapping germs coming in through your mouth and nose- Oral Cavity: begins where pharyngeal cavity ends and ends at the lipso Its structures include: tongue, alveolar ridge, hard palate, soft palate, velum, mandible, jaw, teeth,


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ISU CSD 115 - Laryngeal System

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