Unformatted text preview:

CRJU 233: Courts & Criminal ProcessGLOSSARYChapter 1 Appeals/Appellate courts courts that function to correct errors made by lower courts. Arraignment formal court proceeding where defendant enters plea. Arrest taking a person accused of a crime into custody. Bench trial trial before a judge without a jury. Crime control model model of system that stresses quick, efficient processing of cases. Criminal justice system interlocking institutions that implement public policy on crime. Decentralization criminal justice system has no central control point. Dual court system America has both state and federal courts. Due process model model of system that stresses rights of defendants. Fragmentation criminal justice system is composed of thousands of independent agencies. Initial appearance taking an arrested person before a judge. Nonsystem of criminal justice components do not work together smoothly. Prosecutors attorneys representing the government in a criminal case. System interdependent units in which changes in one unit impact other units. Trial courts courts that hear evidence and hold trials. Chapter 2 Beyond a reasonable doubt standard of proof for conviction in criminal law. Bill of Rights first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution, specifying rights and liberties. Declaratory judgment judicial declaration of legal rights of parties in controversy. Due Process Fifth, Sixth and Fourteenth Amendment rights during legal proceedings. Felony serious crime, generally resulting with a penalty of one year or more in prison. Injunction a court order directing a specific action or lack of action. Misdemeanor less serious crime, generally resulting in a penalty of less than one year in jail. Precedent ruling in a previous case that serves as a guide in subsequent cases. Preponderance of evidence standard of proof for conviction in civil law. Stare decisis Latin for "let the decision stand," doctrine of using precedent in questions of law. Statutes laws enacted by federal and state legislatures. Tort a private or civil wrong, often resulting in a civil trial.Chapter 3 Appellate jurisdiction authority of a court to review and judge decisions of a lower court. Article I section of the U.S. Constitution allowing for the legislative branch of federal government. Article III section of the U.S. Constitution allowing for the judicial branch of federal government. Geographical jurisdiction area of a court's jurisdiction. Hierarchical jurisdiction differences in functions of courts of original jurisdiction. Interest groups special interest groups who lobby for political power and favorable policies. Original jurisdiction jurisdiction of first instance, commonly referred to trial jurisdiction. Subject matter jurisdiction types of cases a court has jurisdiction over. Writ of certiorari issued by appellate courts to obtain and review the proceedings of a lowercourt. Chapter 4 Courts of last resort highest appellate court having jurisdiction, usually the Supreme Court. Domestic relations family law involving matters such as divorce and child custody. Drug courts courts designed to free up the justice system by handling only drug cases. Intermediate courts of appeals judicial bodies falling between the highest, or Supreme Court, and the trial court, created with the intent of relieving the higher court's caseloads. Personal injury tort law covering legal injuries, the majority of which are physical. Probate state cases involve the distribution of a deceased's assets. Trial courts of general jurisdiction courts responsible for major criminal and civil cases. Trial courts of limited jurisdiction courts with jurisdiction over minor civil disputes and misdemeanors, often referred to as lower or inferior courts. Chapter 5 Assembly line justice a criminal justice operation or decision being made with such speed and impersonality that defendants are treated as objects to be processed rather than individuals. Courtroom work group the regular participants in the daily activities of a particular courtroom: generally the judge, prosecuting attorneys, and defense attorneys. Discretion the lawful ability of an agent of government to exercise choice in making a decision. Normal crime crimes categorized as typical based on individual court's experiences with such types of crime allowing rapid decision making. Routine administration the routine handling of normal crimes and matters involving little or no disputes over law or fact. Speedy trial laws laws enacted at both the state and federal levels to encourage courtroom efficiency in handling caseloads.Chapter 6 Administrative model of justice justice model that concentrates on major crimes and induces plea bargains. Adversarial model of justice all cases are viewed as serious and routinely overcharged, usually leading to trial. Courthouse insurgents prosecutors who are dissatisfied with the status quo and willing to do battle to change it. Horizontal prosecution a prosecutor is assigned a case from intake to appeal. Office conservator prosecutors who accept the status quo and focus on continuity. Officer of the court individuals obliged to follow court rules and be honest and fair in the search for justice. Policy reformers prosecutors who are dissatisfied with the status quo, but are cautious in their approach. Vertical prosecution prosecutors are assigned to specific court functions. Chapter 7 Assigned counsel system appointment of by the court from a list of available private attorneys. Contract system private attorneys bid to represent all indigent criminal defendants for a fixed payment. Gideon v. Wainwright Supreme Court decision granting indigents right to counsel. Indigents defendants who are too poor to pay for a lawyer and therefore entitled to one for free. Privileged communication protected communication between attorney and client (attorney–client privilege). Pro se Latin for "on his or her own behalf," referring to the right to self-representation. Public defender salaried public officials representing all indigent defendants within a jurisdiction. Right to counsel 6th Amendment right to legal assistance. Chapter 8 Crime control model justice philosophy based on harsh sentences and deterrence. Due process model justice philosophy based on rehabilitation. Impeachment allegations of wrongdoing similar to a grand jury indictment. Judicial independence judicial independence from scrutiny and


View Full Document

Radford CRJU 233 - Glossary of Terms

Download Glossary of Terms
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Glossary of Terms and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Glossary of Terms 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?