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MIT 7 014 - Quiz III

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7.014 Quiz III 4/22/05 Your Name: _________________________________ TA's Name: Write your name on this page and your initials on all the other pages in the space provided. This exam has 10 pages including this coversheet. Check that you have pages 1-10. This exam has 4 questions. Read all questions before starting to write. Write your answers as clearly and precisely as possible in the space provided. This is a closed book exam. Question Value Score 1 20 2 22 3 30 4 28 TOTAL: 100Name:________________________________________ TA:____________________ 2 Question 1 (20 points) The table below lists types of metabolism in the left column. Type of metabolism Electron source Carbon source Energy source fermentation sulfur oxidation chemosynthesis oxygenic photosynthesis anaerobic respiration nitrification chemosynthesis aerobic respiration anoxygenic photosynthesis a) For each type of metabolism, i) use the following list to fill in Electron source (column 2) and Carbon source (column 3) in the table above. A. sugar (Note, “sugar” here is a generic term for any organic carbon compound (CH2O)n). B. Water (H2O) C. hydrogen sulfide (H2S) D. methane (CH4) E. carbon dioxide (CO2) F. NH3 ii) fill in Energy source (column 4) in the table above. For this part, you are not limited to the list above. b) For a number of the metabolisms above, the electron source is the same as the energy source. Explain why they are not the same for photosynthesis. donor c) Organisms carrying out respiration need a final electron acceptor to keep the electron transport chain (ETC) functional. (Circle the correct term above.) Explain how this compound enables the ETC to remain functional.Name:________________________________________ TA:____________________ 3 Question 1, continued d) Using an argument based on redox and energetics, explain how aerobic respiration generates more ATP per molecule of glucose than anaerobic respiration. Question 2 (22 points) Baby Jill is stuck on an uninhabited island. The food web quickly comes to look like this: In this web, NPP (plants)=200 kg/day IM (Mice ingestion) = 20kg/day Mice AE (assimilation efficiency) = 20% Mice PE (production efficiency) =10% Ferret EE (exploitation efficiency) = 50% Ferret AE = 80% Ferret PE = 10% Baby Jill EE = 40% Baby Jill AE = 80% Baby Jill PE =10% Detritus Ferrets Baby Jill Mice PlantsName:________________________________________ TA:____________________ 4 Question 2, continued a) Suppose that shortly after baby Jill’s arrival the flow into the refractory carbon pool in the system decreased. Why was there a decrease? b) How many grams/day of carbon are stored in the form of ferrets? Show your work. c) Given only the information on the previous page, is it possible to calculate the mean residence time of carbon in the ferret trophic level? Why or why not? Suppose baby Jill gave ferrets a drug that lets them increase biomass faster on the same amount of food. d) What system parameter(s) could have changed as a result? (circle all that apply) NPP PEJ AEJ GPP EEF PEF AEF Why? Baby Jill finds some squash seeds and plants them on a previously vegetation-free lot. She is tired of eating ferrets, so she plans to eat squash exclusively when it is ready. Note that Jill is the only one on the island who will get to eat squash. e) In the table below, for each system parameter listed, circle Yes or No to indicate whether that parameter will change once Jill plants and begins eating squash. For ONLY the parameters you believe will change, explain why in the space provided. Parameter Change? Justify NPP Yes No EEJ Yes No PEJYes No AEJYes No GPP Yes No EEFYes No AEFYes No EEMYes No AEMYes NoName:________________________________________ TA:____________________ 5 Question 3 (30 points) You hope to use your hard-won 7.014 knowledge to make some extra cash over the summer, so you adopt two Chinchillas to start a Chinchilla breeding business. Your Chinchillas are Standard male and a rare Velvet female. Chinchillas with Velvet coats have especially thick, soft hair. Your first hypothesis is that the Velvet (coat thickness) is an autosomal trait. a) Draw and label a diagram of a Chinchilla cell right before the first meiotic division. Pretend for the moment that chinchillas only have two pairs of chromosomes both of which are autosomal. Your cell should be heterozygous at the Velvet locus. Make sure to label each allele, using A to indicate the dominant allele and a to indicate the recessive allele. You reason that the rare Velvet coat phenotype of your female is recessive to the Standard coat phenotype of your male. Your male comes from a long line of show quality Standards, so you feel safe assuming that he is homozygous at the Velvet locus. b) You cross you Standard male and Velvet female. If your assumptions are correct, what coat phenotypes would you expect to see in the i. F1 generation? ii. F2 generation? In your F1 offspring you find chinchillas of both sexes with Standard coats and a lot of males with Velvet coats. Your buddy from 7.014 suggests that, in contrast to your previous hypothesis, the Velvet phenotype is recessive and sex-linked. Chinchilla sex chromosomes are named X and Y and behave like human sex chromosomes.Name:________________________________________ TA:____________________ 6 Question 3, continued c) Suppose that your buddy is right and the Velvet gene is on the X chromosome. For the parental cross below, fill in the parental genotypes of your Velvet female and Standard male. Use XA and Xa notation. In the F1, fill in genotypes and phenotypes of the expected offspring. ♀___________________ X ___________________ ♂ ↓ F1: Among the F1 progeny, you find a lone Velvet female. d) Is the recessive sex-linked inheritance pattern still possible given this data? Why or why not? You confirm with the use of internet that only one autosomal gene is involved in the Velvet coat phenotype. Your


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MIT 7 014 - Quiz III

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