BTEC 1332 1nd Edition Lecture 1Outline of Current Lecture I. Introduction to chemistry II. Three states of matter in macroscopic and submicroscopicIII. Phase changesCurrent LectureI. - Chemistry is where we take macroscopic observations and we explain them at the sub microscopic level.- There are limits with what we can do in chemistry we can get the theory of atoms, but they are so small that no one has ever really seen an atom.- The atomic theory is but a theory and has not been proven.II. - Solid in the macroscopic view has a definite shape and volume.- Liquid in the macroscopic view has a definite volume, but adopts the shape its container.- Gas in the macroscopic view has no definite volume and takes the shape of its container.- Solid in the microscopic view the particles are in a regular arrangement with strong attraction as four balls held together by springs.- Liquid in the microscopic view has a more random arrangement and has an ok attraction as four balls held together by stretchy wire.- Gas in the microscopic view has a random arrangement with no attraction as just fours balls with no attachment.III. - These states of matter go through phase changes as they are heated or cooled.- The first step the equation is q=m x c x T m is the mass c is thespecific heat and T is the temperature.- Step two q=Hfus x n where H fus is heat fusion and n is moles.- Step three q= m x cliq x T where c liq is the specific heat of a liquid.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Hotter liquid particles movemore quickly(l ->g) ballsare freeAddheatMelt (s->l) balls have stretchy wireHotter solid particles movemore quicklyAddheatAddheatSolidsBalls connected by spring.- Step four q= Hvap x n this step is longer because it takes more time to turn a liquid into gas than a solid to liquid. H vap is heat vaporization.- Step five q=m x cgas x T where cgas is the specific heat of gas.(refer to diagram for steps)Key termsMacroscopic- visible to the naked eyeSubmicroscopic- too small to be seen by ordinary microscopeHeat of vaporization- is the standard enthalpy for vaporizationHeat of fusion- is the standard enthalpy for meltingEndothermic- heat must be absorbed from system Exothermic- heat is releases particles lose energyBoling point (bp) - is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals the external pressure Melting point (mp)- the temperature at which melting rate equals the freezing rateSpecific heat- is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree