Anth 176A: NA ArchaeologyJudith A. Habicht MaucheSpring 2009UCSC1The PaleoIndians II:The Eastern WoodlandsLecture 7North American ArchaeologySpring 2009UCSCReview of Early Sites Meadowcroft 14,555 to 13,955 BP (C14) Cactus Hill 15,000 to 18,000 BP [cal]Eastern Fluted Point Tradition 1st widespread evidenceof human occupation Clovis and related flutedpoints Fluted Points Far more common east ofMississippi Variants of classic Clovisstyle (Quad, Cumberland) Nova Scotia to Florida Concentrated in OhioAnth 176A: NA ArchaeologyJudith A. Habicht MaucheSpring 2009UCSC2Insert Feidel Chart w/ Debert C14 dates hereThe Debert Site, Nova ScotiaSeries of C14 dates clusteraround 10,600 BPSlightly later than Clovis inthe WestClimate and Environment North--arctictundra/steppe and borealforest South--temperatedeciduous forests Supported differentvariety of game animals Different settlement,subsistence, and mobilitystrategiesAnth 176A: NA ArchaeologyJudith A. Habicht MaucheSpring 2009UCSC3Settlement-Subsistence Systems Kill sites rare Fluted points inassociation w/caribou, elk andmastodon bones Base camps morecommon Clusters of artifactconcentrations Broader range ofactivities representedHiscock Site, New York Waterlogged site Mastadon and cervidbones assoc. w/fluted point Point reused as knife Hunting orscavenging?? 9,150 +/- 80 to 11,390 +/-80 BPVail Site, Maine Near caribou crossing Kill and assoc. campsite Bones not preserved Point tips from killsite match bases atcamp site 11,120 +/- 180 to 10,040+/- 390 BPAnth 176A: NA ArchaeologyJudith A. Habicht MaucheSpring 2009UCSC4Excavations at VailFinding fluted points at VailFluted Points from Vail, MEAnth 176A: NA ArchaeologyJudith A. Habicht MaucheSpring 2009UCSC5Adkins Site, ME Meat cache Artifactconcentrations markdistinct work areas 10,900 BPBull Brook Site, MA 45 circular areas in largesemi-circle Diverse tool kit--broadrange of domesticactivities Chert from Maine andHudson Valley, NY A centrally-basedwandering cycleanchored at quarries andannual resources locales.Shawnee-Minisink, PA 8700-8500 BC Rare evidence for fishing andforaging Flotation recovery technique Seeds, fruit, berries andsalmon bones in hearths Late summer/early fall fishingcampAnth 176A: NA ArchaeologyJudith A. Habicht MaucheSpring 2009UCSC6Flint Run Complex, VA 9500-6500 BC Thunderbird, Fifty, FlintRun Quarry Series of hunting andprocessing camps on ridgeabove river Early evidence of houses More localized adaptation Transition to Archaic WHY SO FEW SITES INSE??STUDY QUESTIONS Traditionally, we have thought of the PaleoIndians as highlyspecialized and very efficient “big-game” hunters. Whatarchaeological evidence supports this view? What evidencecontests this perspective? Discuss some of the differences between PaleoIndian sitesin the West and those in the East. What is the significance ofthese differences in regards to our understanding of thenature and diversity of later PaleoIndian lifeways? Of course, PaleoIndian people did much more than hunt andmake tools: Discuss evidence from either West or East thatmay represent something of the social and ceremonial life