Table 13.1 Characteristics of Some CISCs, RISCs, and Superscalar Processors Complex Instruction Set (CISC)Computer Reduced Instruction Set (RISC) Computer Superscalar Characteristic IBM 370/168 VAX 11/780 Intel 80486 SPARC MIPS R4000 PowerPC Ultra SPARC MIPS R10000 Year developed 1973 1978 1989 1987 1991 1993 1996 1996 Number of instructions 208 303 235 69 94 225 Instruction size (bytes) 2–6 2–57 1–11 4 4 4 4 4 Addressing modes 4 22 11 1 1 2 1 1 Number of general-purpose registers 16 16 8 40 - 520 32 32 40 - 520 32 Control memory size (Kbits) 420 480 246 — — — — — Cache size (KBytes) 64 64 8 32 128 16-32 32 64Table 13.7 Characteristics of Some Processors Processor Number of instruc-tion sizes Max instruc-tion size in bytes Number of addressing modes Indirect addressing Load/store combined with arithmetic Max number of memory operands Unaligned addressing allowed Max Number of MMU uses Number of bits for integer register specifier Number of bits for FP register specifier AMD29000 1 4 1 no no 1 no 1 8 3 a MIPS R2000 1 4 1 no no 1 no 1 5 4 SPARC 1 4 2 no no 1 no 1 5 4 MC88000 1 4 3 no no 1 no 1 5 4 HP PA 1 4 10 a no no 1 no 1 5 4 IBM RT/PC 2a 4 1 no no 1 no 1 4 a 3 a IBM RS/6000 1 4 4 no no 1 yes 1 5 5 Intel i860 1 4 4 no no 1 no 1 5 4 IBM 3090 4 8 2b no b yes 2 yes 4 4 2 Intel 80486 12 12 15 no b yes 2 yes 4 3 3 NSC 32016 21 21 23 yes yes 2 yes 4 3 3 MC68040 11 22 44 yes yes 2 yes 8 4 3 VAX 56 56 22 yes yes 6 yes 24 4 0 Clipper 4a 8 a 9 a no no 1 0 2 4 a 3 a Intel 80960 2a 8 a 9 a no no 1 yes a — 5 3 a a RISC that does not conform to this characteristic. b CISC that does not conform to this
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