MIT 7 61 - Postsynaptic Signaling and Plasticity Mechanisms

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Iwasato et al., Nature 406, 726 (2000).138. J. H. Kaas, K. C. Catania, Bioessays 24, 334 (2002).139. I thank R. Frostig, B. Lom, B. Alsina, and C. Colwellfor discussions and comments; B. Hu for his contri-bution to Fig. 3; and D. Crandall for assistance withgraphic art. S.C.C. has been funded by awards fromthe Alfred P. Sloan, Stein-Oppenheimer, and Arnoldand Mabel Beckman Foundations and by the Na-tional Eye Institute.REVIEWPostsynaptic Signaling and PlasticityMechanismsMorgan Sheng* and Myung Jong KimIn excitatory synapses of the brain, specific receptors in the postsynapticmembrane lie ready to respond to the release of the neurotransmitterglutamate from the presynaptic terminal. Upon stimulation, these gluta-mate receptors activate multiple biochemical pathways that transducesignals into the postsynaptic neuron. Different kinds of synaptic activityelicit different patterns of postsynaptic signals that lead to short- orlong-lasting strengthening or weakening of synaptic transmission. Thecomplex molecular mechanisms that underlie postsynaptic signaling andplasticity are beginning to emerge.Excitatory synapses of the brain primarily useglutamate as their neurotransmitter. Differentclasses of glutamate receptors in the postsynap-tic membrane transduce the glutamate signalreleased from the presynaptic terminal into elec-trical and biochemical events in the postsynapticneuron. The ␣-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)–type gluta-mate receptor opens in


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