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UA PTYS 206 - Moons of Uranus and Neptune

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Slide 1Moons of Uranus and NeptuneSlide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Slide 25Slide 26Slide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31Slide 32Slide 33Slide 34Slide 35PYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune1AnnouncementsHW5 due now50% credit if submitted next TuesdayPYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune2PTYS/ASTR 206 – The Golden Age of Planetary ExplorationShane Byrne – [email protected] of Uranus and NeptunePYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune3In this lecture…In this lecture…Voyager encountersRocky again?Where’s the oxygen?Moons of UranusGeologic activity on someCurious MirandaMoons (or lack of) around NeptuneTritonCapture of Triton and its effectsVoyager II – 1986, 1989PYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune4Launched 1977Currently at 108 and 88 AU Speed ~16 km s-1Most instruments now switched offbut there’s still one thing left to do…PYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune5Voyager I & II are about to become the first interstellar spacecraftThe stream of particles coming from the sun stalls at the HeliopauseVoyager I is starting to feel this, voyager II will follow soonMissions will probably end in the 2020sPYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune6Voyager II flyby very different in each caseUranus – Voyager passed through the equatorial planeGot a good look at only one MoonNeptune – Voyager passed along the equatorial plane Uranus 1986Neptune 1989PYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune7Uranian Moons small13 inner moons among the rings5 ‘mid-sized’ satellites~10 irregular, distant satellitesNamed after characters from works of Pope & ShakespeareNeptune has very few MoonsTriton is pretty large…and the reason why other moons are scarcePYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune8Solar system formationA disk dominated by hydrogen and heliumWarmer closer to the centerInner planets iron rich and rockyOuter planets get bulked up with water iceTransition in theasteroid beltProtoplanetary disksHubble Space TelescopePYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune9Jupiter forms like a mini solar systemRocky bodies close inIcy bodies further outDistance(RJ)DensityKg m-3Io 5.9 3530Europa 9.4 3020Ganymede 15 1940Callisto 26.4 1850PYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune10Saturn’s satellites are mostly icy Radius DensityMimas 196 km 1170 kg m-3Enceladus 250 km 1600 kg m-3Tethys 530 km 970 kg m-3Dione 560 km 1480 kg m-3Rhea 764 km 1230 kg m-3Iapetus 720 km 1034 kg m-3PYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune11Inner solar system All Rock Jupiter’s Moons Rock and IceSaturn’s Moons Mostly iceUranus/Neptune’s Moons ??Ganymede(Jupiter)Iapetus(Saturn)Titania(Uranus)PYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune12Inner solar system All Rock Jupiter’s Moons Rock and IceSaturn’s Moons Mostly iceUranus/Neptune’s Moons Less ice…. Ganymede(Jupiter)Iapetus(Saturn)Titania(Uranus)PYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune13Uranus satellites have more rocky stuff… not lessHow did that happen??Miranda is an exceptionTitania Ariel Oberon UmbrielDiameter 1580km 1158km 1525km 1170kmDensity 1700 kg m-31700 kg m-31600 kg m-31400 kg m-3PYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune14What happens to oxygen…In the inner solar system it makes rocks – Si O4At Jupiter/Saturn it makes more water ice – H2 OAt Uranus/Neptune it makes carbon monoxide – C ODecreasingTemperatureCO Freezes only at 68KCarbon monoxide ice on Pluto and comets etc…PYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune15The result is that satellites of Uranus (and Neptune) areSmallHave a higher proportion of rocky material than at SaturnSatellites of Uranus are 50-65% rockWarmerJupiter ~ 5AUSaturn ~10 AUCoolerUranus ~19 AUNeptune ~30 AUC CH4COO H2O CON NH3N2The same happens for various other elementsLess important than OxygenWe don’t know if they’re differentiatedNot too dissimilar from Ganymede & CallistoExcept they’re smallProbably no iron corePYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune16Uranus has 13 inner moonsVery dark objects, albedo < 10% (like the rings themselves)Water-ice coated with organic compounds Cordelia and Ophelia shepherd the ε ringMab is a source of Uranus's outermost μ ringRings probably generated by moon-moon collisions Moons of UranusMoons of UranusPuck – 160km acrossPYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune17There are five much larger ‘regular’ satellitesEncounter geometry means that only one satellite was well imagedThe south-polar region of each Moon was seen1100-1200 km1500-1600 km470kmGood pictures from VoyagerNot so good pictures from VoyagerPYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune18Oberon and Titania: ~1500km acrossOberonPoor imagingLarge craters visibleBright ejectaDark floor depositsTitaniaFault bounded canyonsMassive extensionShrinking surface layerExpanding coreFaults cross-cut impact cratersFewer large crater than OberonSimilar in size to Rhea at Saturn…but much more activity hereHigher silicate levels provide more heatPYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune19Umbriel and Ariel: ~1100km acrossUmbrielCraters are the only landformNo endogenic geology visibleVolatiles concentrated in polar regionsArielExtensive network of fault bounded canyonsCanyon floors resurfaced by viscous flowsUpbowing cross-sections with central sinuous troughsMix of surface ages implies long-lived activityTidal heating in the past ??PYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune20Density not size determines amount of activityHigher density caused by having more rockMore rock means more heat from radioactive elements Past tidal heating also a possibilityActive InactiveTitania Ariel Oberon UmbrielDiameter 1580km 1158km 1525km 1170kmDensity 1700 kg m-31700 kg m-31600 kg m-31400 kg m-3Albedo 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2PYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of Uranus and Neptune21Miranda: 472km acrossDiscovered by Kuiper, 1948Old cratered plains – uniformCoronae Tectonic disruption of surfaceInfilling with very viscous magmasPYTS/ASTR 206 –Moons of


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UA PTYS 206 - Moons of Uranus and Neptune

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