Data Display and CartographyIntroductionSlide 3Cartographic SymbolizationSlide 5Use of ColorSlide 7Slide 8Type of MapSlide 10Slide 11TypographySlide 13Slide 14Slide 15Map DesignVisual HierarchySoft Copy vs Hard Copy MapsData Display and Data Display and CartographyCartographyChapter 8Chapter 8IntroductionIntroductionWindow into GISWindow into GISView, query, analyze mapsView, query, analyze mapsMapMap–titletitle–bodybody–legendlegend–north arrownorth arrow–scalescale–acknowledgementacknowledgement–neatlineneatlineIntroductionIntroductionCommunication: part art, part Communication: part art, part sciencescienceEasy to use Easy to use –ArcView/ArcMapArcView/ArcMap–point and clickpoint and click–no commands to rememberno commands to remember–conventional options availableconventional options available–but flexibilitybut flexibilityCartographic SymbolizationCartographic SymbolizationSpatial Features and Map SymbolsSpatial Features and Map Symbols–Characterized by location and attributesCharacterized by location and attributes–Raster and vector are differentRaster and vector are different–Point, line, areaPoint, line, area–Other symbols, volumetric or 3-D Other symbols, volumetric or 3-D –Exception, point data for polygon labelException, point data for polygon label–Visual variables: size, value, chroma, Visual variables: size, value, chroma, texture, shape, hue, pattern.texture, shape, hue, pattern.Cartographic SymbolizationCartographic SymbolizationVisual variablesVisual variables–Size and texture spacing and quantitative Size and texture spacing and quantitative differentiationdifferentiation–Pattern, the type and shape of markings are Pattern, the type and shape of markings are appropriate for nominal or qualitative dataappropriate for nominal or qualitative data–Other: hue, chroma and value (next topic)Other: hue, chroma and value (next topic)–ArcView: marker, pen, fill.ArcView: marker, pen, fill.–Raster limited to color and some Raster limited to color and some texture/patterntexture/patternUse of ColorUse of ColorArt, often misused, estheticsArt, often misused, estheticsHueHue–quality that distinguishes one color from quality that distinguishes one color from another, such as red from blueanother, such as red from blue–different hues, different datadifferent hues, different dataValueValue–lightness or darknesses of color, with darker lightness or darknesses of color, with darker “more imortant”“more imortant”ChromaChroma–richness or brilliance of color; higher intensity richness or brilliance of color; higher intensity “more important”“more important”Use of ColorUse of ColorHue is visual variable better suited Hue is visual variable better suited for qualitative (nominal) datafor qualitative (nominal) dataValue and chroma are better suited Value and chroma are better suited for quantitative data (ordinal, for quantitative data (ordinal, interval, ratio)interval, ratio)No more than 12-15 distinct hues No more than 12-15 distinct hues after which use patternsafter which use patternsColor schemes (see ArcView)Color schemes (see ArcView)Use of ColorUse of ColorColor schemesColor schemes–single hue scheme (single hue, varied value single hue scheme (single hue, varied value and chroma) ArcView “red monochromatic”and chroma) ArcView “red monochromatic”–double-ended or diverging (graduated colors double-ended or diverging (graduated colors between two dominant) ArcView “blues to reds between two dominant) ArcView “blues to reds dichromatic”dichromatic”–part spectral scheme (adjacent colors) ArcView part spectral scheme (adjacent colors) ArcView “yellow to orange to red”“yellow to orange to red”–full spectral scheme (full spectrum) ArcView full spectral scheme (full spectrum) ArcView schemes for elevation, temperature and schemes for elevation, temperature and percipitationpercipitationType of MapType of MapClassified by function and Classified by function and symbolizationsymbolization–General reference and thematicGeneral reference and thematicGeneral reference (ie USGS quad)General reference (ie USGS quad)–Shows variety of spatial features including Shows variety of spatial features including boundaries, hydrology, transportation, boundaries, hydrology, transportation, contour lines, settlements, land covers.contour lines, settlements, land covers.Thematic map Thematic map –Main objective is to show distribution Main objective is to show distribution pattern of a theme.pattern of a theme.Type of MapType of MapQuantitative or QualitativeQuantitative or QualitativeQuantitativeQuantitative–dot map dot map uses uniform point symbols to uses uniform point symbols to show spatial data, each symbol representing show spatial data, each symbol representing a unit valuea unit value–graduated colorgraduated color uses a quantitative color uses a quantitative color scheme to show variations in spatial datascheme to show variations in spatial data–choroplethchoropleth map symbolizes derived data map symbolizes derived data such as average income or population such as average income or population density based on administrative boundariesdensity based on administrative boundariesType of MapType of MapQuantitativeQuantitative–dasymetricdasymetric map uses statistics and additional map uses statistics and additional information to delineate areas of homogeneous information to delineate areas of homogeneous values, rather than administrative boundaries.values, rather than administrative boundaries.–graduated symbol mapgraduated symbol map uses different sized uses different sized symbols to represent different magnitudes. symbols to represent different magnitudes. Issues of range and discernable differencesIssues of range and discernable differences–chart mapchart map uses either pie or bar charts to uses either pie or bar charts to compare multiple sets of quantitive data. Size compare multiple sets of quantitive data. Size can be part of informationcan be part of information–flow mapflow map displays different quantities of flow displays different quantities of flow data by varying the width of the line symbolsdata by varying the width of the line symbolsTypographyTypographyType VariationsType Variations–typeface (design character)typeface (design character)–serif and sans serifserif and sans