DOC PREVIEW
MIT 12 091 - Trace Element Analysis of Geological, Biological & Environmental Materials

This preview shows page 1-2-3-4-5-6 out of 19 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 19 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

IAP 12IAP 12--091 Session 1, January 03,091 Session 1, January 03, 2005200511Trace Element AnalysisTrace Element Analysis of Geological, Biological &of Geological, Biological & Environmental MaterialsEnvironmental Materials By Neutron Activation Analysis:By Neutron Activation Analysis:An ExposureAn ExposureILA PILLALAMARRIILA PILLALAMARRIEarth Atmospheric & Planetary SciencesEarth Atmospheric & Planetary SciencesNeutron Activation Analysis LaboratoryNeutron Activation Analysis LaboratoryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyMassachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139Cambridge, MA 02139IAP 12.091 Credit Course January 3IAP 12.091 Credit Course January 3 --19, 200519, 2005IAP 12.091 SESSION 1 1SESSION 1 January 03, 2005  Introduction  Neutron Activation Analysis Principles IAP 12-091 Session 1, January 03, 2005 2 IAP 12.091 SESSION 1 2INTRODUCTION The key words in the title of the course are:  Biological, Environmental and Geological Materials  Trace Element Analysis  Neutron Activation Analysis  Exposure IAP 12-091 Session 1, January 03, 2005 3 IAP 12.091 SESSION 1 3INTRODUCTION …  Materials and Matrices  What is the need to do Trace Element Analysis?  What are the Trace Element Analytical Techniques ? IAP 12-091 Session 1, January 03, 2005 4 IAP 12.091 SESSION 1 4Materials and Matrices  Biological Materials  Environmental Materials  Geological Materials IAP 12-091 Session 1, January 03, 2005 5 IAP 12.091 SESSION 1 5Materials and Matrices …  Biological Materials Hair samples, Nails, Blood samples …  Environmental Materials River, Lake, Beach sediments, Atmospheric Dust …  Geological Materials Ocean floor cores, Volcanic lava rocks, Mountain Rocks, Lunar rocks, Mars soils… IAP 12-091 Session 1, January 03, 2005 6 IAP 12.091 SESSION 1 6Materials and Matrices …  Matrix of a material Major Elements Minor Elements Trace Elements IAP 12-091 Session 1, January 03, 2005 7 IAP 12.091 SESSION 1 7Major, Minor & Trace Element Composition of Materials Conventionally: Major: Concentrations exceeding 1% by mass Minor: Concentrations in the range 0.1% to 1.0% by mass Trace : Concentrations less than 0.1% by mass Different trace levels ppm mg/g (micro gram/gram) 10-6 gm/gm ppb ng/g (nano gram/gram) 10-9 gm/gm ppt pg/g (pico gram/gram) 10-12 gm/gm ppf fg/g (femto gram/gram) 10-15 gm/gm ppa ag/g (atto gram/ gram) 10-18 gm/gm IAP 12-091 Session 1, January 03, 2005 8 Reference: Chapter 1: What a geochemical analysis means , p 1-3 by Robin Gill and Michael H Ramsey Modern Analytical Geochemistry An introduction to Quantitative Chemical Analysis Techniques for Earth, Environmental and Material Scientists. Ed: Robin Gill Addison Wesley Longman Ltd. 1997 IAP 12.091 SESSION 1 8What is the need to do Trace Element Analysis?  Need for Environmental: Pollution studies, Monitoring statutory values … Biological: Nutrition studies, forensic analyses Geological: Trace element geochemistry of terrestrial and extra terrestrial matters ………… ………… IAP 12-091 Session 1, January 03, 2005 9 IAP 12.091 SESSION 1 9Trace Element Analysis – Needs Analysis means to determine the composition of a material. In the context of trace element analysis by neutron activation analysis – measurement of concentration (abundance) of certain elements in the material, orrelative amounts of two or more isotopes in a material. Trace element analyses are carried out on terrestrial andextra-terrestrial materials. Terrestrial materials – air, volcanic lavas, rocks, gas, water, atmospheric dust, soil or rock, or processedmaterials like sewage sludge or industrial effluent Extra-terrestrial materials – lunar rocks, martian soils,meteorites …. IAP 12-091 Session 1, January 03, 2005 10 Reference: Chapter 1: What a geochemical analysis means , p 1-3 by Robin Gill and Michael H Ramsey Modern Analytical Geochemistry An introduction to Quantitative Chemical Analysis Techniques for Earth, Environmental and Material Scientists. Ed: Robin Gill Addison Wesley Longman Ltd. 1997 IAP 12.091 SESSION 1 10Trace Element Analysis – Needs … Needs (or applications): Compositional characterization of a completelyunknown material. Quality control/Quality assurance of manufactured products monitroing/testing statutory or recommended limits in contaminated materials Geothermobarometric details of a sample’s composition to understand anthropogenic history IAP 12-091 Session 1, January 03, 2005 11 IAP 12.091 SESSION 1 11Trace Element Analysis – Needs … Temporal details of materials for archaeological and forensic applications Temporal compositional variation – industrial spills, power plant accident … Compositional spatial distribution mapping of elements to identify sources – of river pollution, location of exposed ore deposits in stream sediments, wells Efficiency monitoring to optimize the conditions of experiments or industrial processes. IAP 12-091 Session 1, January 03, 2005 12 Reference: Chapter 1: What a geochemical analysis means , p 1-3 by Robin Gill and Michael H Ramsey Modern Analytical Geochemistry An introduction to Quantitative Chemical Analysis Techniques for Earth, Environmental and Material Scientists. Ed: Robin Gill Addison Wesley Longman Ltd. 1997 IAP 12.091 SESSION 1 12Different types of Analyses - Concepts  Qualitative & Quantitative analysis  Major, Minor & Trace element analysis  Bulk & Spatial analysis  Isotopic composition analysis  Speciation & Spectroscopic analysis (Cannot be done by Neutron Activation Analysis) IAP 12-091 Session 1, January 03, 2005 13 Reference: Chapter 1: What a geochemical analysis means , p 1-3 by Robin Gill and Michael H Ramsey Modern Analytical Geochemistry An introduction to Quantitative Chemical Analysis Techniques for Earth, Environmental and Material Scientists. Ed: Robin Gill Addison Wesley Longman Ltd. 1997 IAP 12.091 SESSION 1 13Different types of Analyses – Concepts …  Qualitative & Quantitative analysis Qualitative means identification of an element at detectable level – preliminary investigations Quantitative means measurement of the values of concentrations  Major, Minor & Trace element analysis Major: Concentrations exceeding 1% by mass Minor: Concentrations in the range 0.1% to 1.0% by mass Trace :Concentrations less than 0.1% by mass ppm mg/g (micro gram/gram) 10-6 gm/gm


View Full Document

MIT 12 091 - Trace Element Analysis of Geological, Biological & Environmental Materials

Download Trace Element Analysis of Geological, Biological & Environmental Materials
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Trace Element Analysis of Geological, Biological & Environmental Materials and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Trace Element Analysis of Geological, Biological & Environmental Materials 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?