!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Lecture!26!Outline(of(Last(Lecture(!I. Setting!the!stage!II. 1950s!III. 1950s!society!IV. More!of!Eisenhower!V. Beginning!of!the!Civil!Rights!Movement!Outline(of(Current(Lecture((I. Election!of!1960!II. Kennedy!and!the!cold!war!III. The!bay!of!pigs,!April!1961!IV. Berlin!wall,!August!1961!!Current(Lecture!• When!we!think!of!the!1960s,!we!think!of!hippies,!sexual!revolution,!free,!love,!etc.,!but!in!reality,!the!early!1960s!were!just!an!extension!of!the!1950s!• Election!of!1960!o Kennedy!vs.!Nixon! News,!media,!TV!• This!election!had!the!first!televised!presidential!debate!o Kennedy!understood!how!to!represent!himself!well!on!TV!while!Nixon!did!not!• This!debate!made!Kennedy!seem!like!an!“American!Sweetheart”! Nixon!• Congressional!debate!• Vice!president!• For!much!of!the!election!he!was!seen!as!the!frontQrunner! Kennedy!!• Pedigree!for!politics!o His!father,!Joseph!Kennedy,!was!an!ambassador!o His!brother!was!supposed!to!be!the!politician!of!the!family!but!was!killed!in!WWII!• War!hero!o Served!in!the!Navy!as!the!commander!of!a!torpedo!boat!that!was!destroyed!by!the!Japanese! He!saved!a!lot!of!lives!o Wrote!a!book!about!bravery!and!courage!• Kennedy!and!the!cold!war!o US!army!special!forces! Designed!to!be!inserted!behind!enemy!lines!or!into!a!communist!country!and!organize!gorilla!forces!to!attack!back!at!the!communist!o Flexible!response!!!(((((((HIST(106(((1st(Edition(! ! Direct!defense!!• If!the!soviets!attack!the!US!in!a!nonQnuclear!way,!we!will!respond!in!a!nonQnuclear!way,!we!will!respond!in!a!nonQnuclear!fashion! Deliberate!escalation!• The!US!would!not!go!directly!to!mutually!assured!destruction,!the!US!would!first!go!to!“tactical”!nuclear!response! General!nuclear!response!• If!there!are!no!other!options,!everybody!would!launch!nuclear!missiles!o Established!the!peace!corps! Was!created!to!send!people!to!countries!at!risk!of!communism!and!to!demonstrate!why!America!is!way!better!• The!bay!of!pigs,!April!1961!o Attempted!invasion!of!Cuba! Cuba!had!become!a!communist!country!and!was!only!90!miles!away!from!Florida! The!problem!was!that!the!Cuban!government!already!knew!when!it!was!going!to!happen!and!they!were!prepared!for!it!!o CIA!run!operation! The!CIA!knew!that!Eisenhower!would!have!approved!US!support!in!the!situation!but!Kennedy!was!not!comfortable!with!direct!US!involvement!o Eisenhower!approved!o Kennedy!executed!the!plan! This!incident!essentially!secured!the!communist!government!in!Cuba!and!gave!them!a!lot!of!legitimacy!• The!USSR!gave!them!a!lot!of!support!after!this!happened!• Berlin!wall,!August!1961!o There!is!a!brain!drain!from!East!Germany! Most!educated!people!were!leaving!east!Germany!to!go!to!West!Germany!o Berlin!was!the!only!outlet!o 20%!of!the!East!German!population!fled!to!the!West!o Construction!of!the!wall!was!tense!
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