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TAMU PSYC 315 - More on Aggressive
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Psych 315 1nd Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I. Aggression Outline of Current Lecture II. Violence Against WomenIII. Violent PornographyIV. Media and Aggression V. The Abusive Personality Current LectureViolence Against Women- Dependent Variable: Naturalistic Sexual Aggression measured by a true/false questionnaire with 9 items. Example item: “I have had sexual intercourse with women when she didn’t want to because I used some degree of physical force (e.g., holding her down, twisting her arm). Some men are aroused by being dominant. - Research Question: Who scores high on this scale? 5 men scored high- above the mean of the IV’s - Independent Variables:o Dominance as a sexual motiveo Hostility toward women in generalo Beliefs about the acceptability of interpersonal violence within sexual contextso Anti-social personalityo Sexual Experience with conventional heterosexual activitieso Physiological Arousal associated with reading a story about a rape - Results: Of 95 men who took part in the study only 5 scored above a 2 on the questionnaire about coercive sexual activities. These men scored an average of 6 out of 9 on the scale. These men scored above average on each of the independent variables. Violent Pornography- More likely to engage in Sexual behavior. Even at a early age. Nonviolent prom doesn’t have the same affect on sexual aggression.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Among 1000 10 – 15 year old boys and girls, those who had been exposed to violent pornography were more likely to kiss, touch, or do something else sexual with a person when that person did not want them to. - Men were randomly assigned to watch violent pornography, an erotic film, or a neutral film. They then played a teaching game in which they shocked learners who made mistakes. Those who watched violent pornography gave stronger shocks to women than men. - Sexual offenders are heavy users of violent pornographyThe Media and Aggression- Violent TV= aggression- There is clear evidence that watching violent TV and movies and listening to music that promotes violence is related to aggressive behavior.- A study that reviewed all studies of TV violence and aggressive behavior found that the average correlation between TV and aggression is about .20 - .30. - One study showed that TV aggression at age 9 predicted aggressiveness among boys at age 10, with initial levels of aggression controlled statistically. A follow-up when the participants were 30 showed that early violent TV was related to criminality. - Another longitudinal study showed that TV aggression was related to aggressive behavior 3 years later in children as young as first grade. This study was done in 5 countries and the results were the same in each. A 15 year follow-up of these children showed that both boys and girls who watched a lot of TV violence were more aggressive in their 20’s and for males TV violence was also related to being convicted of a crime. How does TV affect aggression?- Watching violence increases thinking about aggression as a way to solve problem- Watching violence desensitizes viewers to the effects of violence, reducing physiological arousal to violence***- Watching music videos that endorse violence increases the belief that violent behavior isacceptable- Watching violence increases fantasizing about aggression, and fantasizing is related to aggressive behavior ***- TV aggression @ age 9 predicts aggression. 30 years later they were criminals. Violent Video Games- Associated with a record of aggression and delinquent behavior.- Laboratory experiment with random assignment to condition using college students as participants found that after playing violent games, had more violent feeling and thoughts in another context.- Meta-analysis suggests that video games have similar effects to television- But I watched a lot of violence on TV as a kid, but I’m not a violent person. Why is the correlation between TV and aggression not higher than .20 or .30?- Some factors are so strong that they will cause people to be more aggressive even if theydon’t watch violent TV and vice versa- It is often the combination of a lot of weaker causal factors that determines behavior The Abusive Personality- The Anti-Social Personality as a Abuser- The Abuser who is not otherwise aggressive or violent – Best Understood Through Attachment Theory - The Basic Argument: Male abusers fear loss of or separation from their attachment figures (usually wives). This fear generates anger. Anger motivates aggressive behavior that is (whether the abuser knows it or not) intended to prevent the spouse from leavingthe relationship. - Are wives are as abusive as husbands? (highly controversial) - Assess abusive behavior with the Conflict Tactics Scale- Major and minor violence rates for men and women roughly equivalent- Much abuse occurs in couples in which each abuses the other2 types of abusive situations: - Situational couple violenceo These men:o Not violent outside the familyo Have not suffered abuse in childhoodo Are not particularly impulsiveo Have secure attachment styleso Do not have hostile attitudes towards women in generalo Have reasonable social skillso Do not approve of violence generally - Intimate Terrorism:o These men:o Regularly use severe forms of violence in relationshipso Are generally violent outside the familyo Have suffered abuse in childhoodo Are impulsiveo Have an insecure attachment styleo Have poor social skillso Have hostile attitudes toward women in generalo Approve of violence in


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