Exam 3 Study GuideMonday, November 3Athamas: struck mad by Hera for wife raising DionysosKilled son, sought after InoIno: “Queen of the Sea” wife of AthamasSister of SemeleRaised DionysosCaused Hera intense jealousyJumped in the sea to escape.Atalanta: Born to King Iasus who wanted a sonexposes her to the wilderness and is nursed by a bear, raised by huntersFemale hero in group of male heroesDelphic oracle: Don’t marry! but there is need for an heirProposal: I will marry whoever can beat me in a foot raceMilanion/Hippomenes: falls in love with Atalanta- prays to Aphrodite: given three golden apples- drops apples to distract Atalanta, Milanion wins race - Happily married: forget to sacrifice to Aphrodite- strikes them mad with passion in a temple (Zeus and Cybelle)- Hubristic act: punished by gods: turned into Lions: maybe lions that drive Cybelle’s chariot? Charon: Infernal ferrymanBoats souls across the river AcheronPayment for transportation: 1 obol (small coin, 1 cm)Obol coins put into mouths of dead people. Leave hands free, sometimes carried in cheeks of Greeks,Cybele:Goddess associated with wildness/wilderness“The Greek Mother of Gods” “The Great Mother” = closely associated with RheaRides in lion driven chariot. Accompanied by a tympanum(drum) Lover: Attis: Promises to be faithful - not faithful, drives him mad, castrates himself Followers: Eunuch priests (real life)Other followers: Pan: son of Hermes. Part man, part goat. “All” Sexually overcharged: similarly to satyrs. Erection all the time. (Ithyphallic) Pan = panic. Pan inspires panic in people, armies, etc. Connected with nature: accompanied nymphsSyrinxNymphs: nature and countryside “Brides”- Young women at the age which they would be married.- Nature spirits Hesperides: Nymphs of the west (Women of the west, daughters of the west)Daughters of Atlas (or night)Take care of golden apple tree given to Hera as wedding present “Garden of Hesperides” Snake guards treeRiver Gods: bull horns/shape, can change shape like all water gods. Acheloos: wrestling match with Herakles, breaks off his horns Daidalos and Ikaros: Daidalos: kills nephew out of jealousy (Pushes off the edge of Acropolis)Flees Athens: welcomed in CreteKing Minos: doesn’t want secret of Labyrinth to get outImprisons Daidalos and Ikaros Daidalos builds wings for escape:Feathers and waxDaidalos to Ikaros: don’ fly too high: wax will melt. Don’t fly too low: ocean will make feathers heavyIkaros: falls and drowns Dionysus (Bacchus) Father Liber, Bromios, Lyaois (Freedom, “The loosener”) Arrival God. United of Mankind=Release from cares: Wine/Theater Child with Aphrodite: Charis (“Grace”)- Also said to be the daughter of Eurynome God of Wine, Theater and Youngest God. God of altered states (in general) Carries a reversal of norms: turns them on their head (unsettling).- Different God: raised in the East (opposite to Greek normality), mortal motherCharacteristics of Dionysus: Brings strangeness to acceptance, effeminate, exotic (non-greek) animals, women out gallivanting around. Commonly appears with thyrsus: scepter with ivy leaves and grape leaves (pl. thrysoi), wears grape-wreath or ivy-wreath, kantharos (special drinking glass for wine, accompanied by satyrs and maenads, and exotic animals Dionysus companions: Under his influence. Constantly under drunken/altered state of frenzy: maniamaenads: wild women- handle snakes and wild animals, rip things apart with their bare hands sparagmos: tear apart living things (humans, animals)omophagy: eating of raw fleshsatyrs:Drunken, hyper-sexualized, horse-men, horse tails, acrobatic Semele: mother, Princess of ThebesZeus Comes to her as a lover, she accepts him as her husband.Hera is upset, disguises herself as an old woman and plants doubt in Semele’s mindSwear on the River Styx who he really is: -Unbreakable oath- Lie in a coma, exiled from OlymposSemele asks to swear and then asks him to come in his true glory: inevitable death: incineration.Zeus rescues Dionysus: stitches in his thigh Hermes moves him to the far east (exotic animals), transporting him from mortal to immortal. Greece to outside Greece. Raised by Silenus (satyr)Dionysus: The New God- Met with resistance- Arrives from the outside- Assimilates opponents to himself (e.g. madness)- Every city has a myth about the arrival of Dionysus and he is rejected. - Dionysus gives retribution: acceptance follows.God of the Theater: Theater of Dionysus at Athens Theater: altered perceptions of reality (altered states) - actors, 2 or three, many parts. - Present/not present- Emotional extremes: tragedy and comedyUnites community: whole community - shared emotions- leveling of differences- release from caresNot opposite of Apollo, exist together yet separately.Delphi: shares with Apollo - Apollo: day, light, clarity-Dionysus: night, confusion, frenzy Theater at DelphiDionysus and the Pirates:- Dionysus sleeping on seashore: ship sails by- doesn’t look like a God, but wealthy, exotic prince- Pirates kidnap him for ransom- friendly to pirates, bring me back to shore- ignored.- As God of loosening: they hear lions roaring, ship stops moving: grape vines and ivy growing out of sea and anchoring ship in place.- Pirates jump overboard- Dionysus take pity: turn them into dolphins.Pentheus: King of Thebes (cousin of Dionysus, Actaeon)Pentheus: random bastard child Dionysus? Not son of Zeus- Pentheus: outlaws Dionysus worship-cannot be outlawed: madnessWomen leave city, run up on Mount Kithairon-Become maenadsDionysus shows up: jailed- Dionysus tricks Pentheus: dresses as a woman- Sets it on the mountain tip to watch what women are doing- Dionysus: maenads: wild animal: should rip him apart. -Agave (Pentheus’ mother) displays his head (under the spell his head is a lion’s head)- Realizes what she’s done*Punishment of her mother and her sisters: for denying his divinity and saying his mother did not sleep with a GodDionysus raised in NysaErinyes (Furies): Trio of WomenTisiphone(“Vengeance-Slaughter”), Alekto(“Unceasing”), Megaira(“Grudge”)Dwell in Underworld:Origin: Drops of blood from Ouranos’ genitals Primary concern: Internecine strife: Strife between family members. If a family member sheds another’s blood: furies will sought after you. Drive victims mad. Constant pursuit. Snakes, torches, flames, venom, fire. Athens Euphemistic names: Eumenides: “the Kindly Ones”Semnai: “the Holy Ones”Reasoning: