Test B 1 COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCH 3120 FINAL EXAM 1. Hearing the lyrics “…there’s a bathroom on the right…” when what was sung was “… there’s a bad moon on the rise…” demonstrates that a. People can make errors when segmenting phonemes into words b. People can make errors when retrieving words from their lexicon c. People usually make errors in phoneme perception d. None of the above 2. The McGurk effect is when a. Seeing a person’s lips move results in an inability to properly localize sound b. Seeing a person’s lips move results in the perception of sound, even if there was no auditory utterance c. Seeing a person’s lips move in a manner inconsistent with the sound that is being heard results in the perception of a sound that is somewhere between the visual and auditory utterance d. Seeing a person’s lips move in a manner inconsistent with the sound that is being heard results in the perception of a sound that is consistent with the visual, rather than the auditory percept 3. You are holding a conversation with another person. As the other person is talking, you cough so loudly that one of the phonemes the other person uttered is drowned out. How would you perceive the other person’s speech? a. You would not be able to understand the speech because of the interruption of the speech stream. b. You would be able to understand the speech because of the phoneme restoration effect, but you would recognize that you missed a phoneme. c. You would be able to understand the speech because of the phoneme restoration effect and you would not recognize that you had missed a phoneme. d. You would be able to understand the speech only if you could fill in the break using visual information 4. The lexicon is a mental dictionary containing a. The meaning of spoken words b. The pronunciation, spelling, and part of speech of words c. The pronunciation and meaning of words d. The etymology of words 5. Which of the following is NOT one of the levels of representation in text processing? a. Surface code b. Situation model c. Phonemes d. TextbaseTest B 2 6. True or false? The dual route model of reading claims that we have two mechanisms for reading: direct lexicon lookup based on the spelling of a word and letter-to-phoneme rules for converting letters to sounds. a. True b. False 7. Which of the following experimental results supported the notion that the cognitive sentence parser uses key words to produce the correct phrase structure? a. People are faster at determining the meaning of a sentence when it is in the active rather than the passive voice b. People are faster at determining the meaning of a sentence when it is in the passive rather than the active voice c. People are faster at paraphrasing a sentence when relative pronouns are present in the sentence than when they are missing d. People are faster at paraphrasing a sentence when relative pronouns are missing from the sentence than when they are present 8. The weak version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is the one usually tested by researchers. It states that a. The language you speak determines how you will perceive colors b. The language you speak makes it impossible for you to have certain thoughts that would be easily expressible in another language c. The language you speak biases you to think in certain ways d. The language you speak may prevent you from making distinctions between concepts that you do not have a word for. 9. The word "e-mail" has entered common English language in the last ten years. What feature of language is this an example of? a. Generative b. Structured c. Dynamic d. Arbitrary 10. True or false? When the principal of minimal attachment if violated, it takes people longer to read sentences, and they spend more time looking at the parts of the sentence that violate minimal attachment. a. True b. False 11. When viewing a stimulus, the image on your retina is called the ______ and the object in the environment is called the ________. a. perception; light b. distal stimulus; proximal stimulus c. proximal stimulus; distal stimulus d. distal stimulus; targetTest B 3 12. Which is NOT a pictorial cue for depth? a. Linear perspective b. Convergence c. Texture gradient d. Occlusion 13. All of these are examples of perceiving structure from motion EXCEPT a. Perceiving a person from moving lights b. Perceiving a 3-dimensional object from a rotating 2-dimensional form c. Perceiving a chameleon against a background only when it moves d. Perceiving a 3-dimensional form when it pops out of a “magic eye” picture 14. According to early filter theories of selective attention, a. The sensory or physical characteristics of all stimuli are processed, but only stimuli that are attended to are processed further b. The semantic characteristics of all stimuli are processed, but only stimuli that are attended to enter awareness c. All stimuli enter awareness d. Only the sensory or physical characteristics of all stimuli enter awareness 15. Which of the following is true regarding the status of prototypes in the exemplar model of categorization? a. people do not use anything like a prototype b. the prototype is abstracted at retrieval, if it is needed c. the prototype is formed at encoding and is the only representation that is stored d. while formed at encoding, the prototype does not help in the identification of new category members 16. Words that receive _____ are remembered better than words that receive _____. a. Deep processing: shallow processing b. 10 exposure trials: 5 exposure trials c. Non-emotional processing: emotional processing d. More processing time: less processing time 17. Which of the following best characterizes the classical view of categorization? a. A concept is a list of necessary and sufficient conditions to which objects are compared in order to determine category membership b. All examples of the concept are stored in memory and new examples are compared to old examples to determine category membership c. There is no feature or group of features that is essential for category membership d. The likelihood of the distribution of features is assessed to determine category membership 18. The finding that words that sound alike are harder to remember than words that do not sound alike, is evidence for what type of representation in primary memory? a. Semantic b.
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